梅州客家方言入声类型考  

Types of Short Tones of Meizhou(梅州)Hakka

作　　者：李菲 朱晓农 LI Fei;ZHU Xiao-nong(School of Sports Media,Guangzhou Sport University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510500,China;School of Linguistic Sciences And Arts,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou Jiangsu 221009,China;School of Ethnology,Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510665,China)

机构地区：[1]广州体育学院体育传媒学院,广州510500 [2]江苏师范大学语言科学与艺术学院,江苏徐州221009 [3]广东技术师范大学民族学院,广州510665

出　　处：《语言研究》2025年第1期17-26,共10页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金项目“社会地理语言学视野下粤港澳大湾区客家方言研究”(20YJC740020);广州体育学院2020年度青年博士资助类科研项目“梅州客家方言语音研究”(5200080571)。

摘　　要：梅州客家方言的两个入声较为完整地保存了短促性及-p/t/k韵尾,且多数地区阳入的调值高于阴入的调值。基于对梅州各县区31个调查点的一手录音,文章发现:(1)大部分调查点的入声塞音韵尾带有同时性的紧喉成分;(2)这种紧喉成分分为僵声和张声喉塞尾两种不同的发声态;(3)阴阳入的韵尾/调尾分别对应僵声和张声发声态;(4)短调有不同程度的舒化。在此基础上,文章进一步探讨了梅州客家方言入声的演化途径。The two Ru(入)tones of Meizhou(梅州)Hakka dialects have reserved two earlier features:shortness and a p/t/k coda,and more,there is a new feature that in most areas YangRu(阳入)is higher than YinRu(阴入).Based on the first-hand recording of 31 geographical varieties of Meizhou(梅州)district,this paper has found that:(1)the ending of Ru tones in most Meizhou(梅州)varieties has a simultaneous tense voice;(2)this tenseness is composed of two different phonation modes:Stiff Voice(including Creaky Voice,Glottal Muffle,and Weak Stiffness)and Fortis Voice(consisting of pre-/final glottal stops,ejective,implosive,etc);and(3)the endings of YinRu(阴入)and YangRu(阳入)correspond to Stiff Voice and Fortis Voice respectively;(4)the short Ru tones in some Meizhou(梅州)varieties have prolonged in varying degrees.On this basis,this paper further explores the evolutionary ways of Meizhou(梅州)Ru(入)tones.

关 键 词：梅州 客家方言 入声 类型 阴低阳高 

分 类 号：H176[语言文字—汉语]