侗语的辅音类型  

The Typology of Consonant in Kam Language

作　　者：龙润田 LONG Run-tian(College of Liberal,Jinan University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510632,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学文学院,广州510632

出　　处：《语言研究》2025年第1期152-160,共9页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“汉字记录侗语文献书写系统研究”(21CMZ040)。

摘　　要：通过统计分析40个侗语调查点的辅音库藏与分布以及闭塞音、擦音和鼻音等辅音类别,探讨了侗语辅音的类型共性与差异。侗语的辅音类型特征主要表现为:存在两套或以上的闭塞音系列并具有四至五个闭塞音调音位置、三擦音和四擦音系统占优、四鼻音和七鼻音系统占优。辅音的清送气和清不送气对立、存在小舌音和清化鼻音音位是现代侗语南部方言最显著的辅音类型特征;清送气闭塞音消失、闭塞音韵尾[k]消失则是现代侗语北部方言最显著的辅音类型特征。两大方言区的辅音结构特点是侗语方言土语划分的重要依据。This paper examines the similarities and differences in consonants through the statistical analysis of the consonant inventory,expansion modes,and the types of plosives,fricatives and nasals in 40 Kam language dialects.The most prominent features of consonant types in Kam language are that all dialects have two or more plosives series,and all plosives have four to five places of articulation.Most dialect systems have three or four fricatives and four or seven nasals.Among these,the opposition between voiceless aspirated consonants and voiceless unaspirated consonants,the existence of uvular initials in consonant system,and the predominance of 4 or 7 nasal systems are the most prominent features of consonant structure in southern Kam language.The disappearance of voiceless aspirated plosives and rhyme tails[k]is the most prominent feature of consonant structure in northern Kam language.The different consonant characteristic between southern and northern dialects of Kam language serve as an important basis for the division of Kam dialects.

关 键 词：侗语 辅音 语音类型 

分 类 号：H272[语言文字—少数民族语言]