冲击地压矿井坚硬顶板工作面充填开采降载防冲机理及应用  

Load reduction and coal burst prevention mechanisms and application of backfilling mining in working face with hard roof in rock burst mine

作　　者：王家臣[1,2] 王兆会 WANG Jiachen;WANG Zhaohui(School of Energy and Mining Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Haidian,Beijing 100083,China;Engineering Research Center of Green and Intelligent Mining for Thick Coal Seam,Ministry of Education,Haidian,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)能源与矿业学院,北京市海淀区100083 [2]厚煤层绿色智能开采教育部工程研究中心,北京市海淀区100083

出　　处：《中国煤炭》2025年第1期12-22,共11页China Coal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFC2907501);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52374106,52474116)。

摘　　要：坚硬顶板是导致强矿压甚至冲击地压的重要因素,充填开采则是控制坚硬顶板运动模式的有效手段。为分析冲击地压矿井坚硬顶板工作面充填开采的降载防冲效果,以古城煤矿1123工作面为工程背景,采用理论分析、数值计算和现场实测手段研究坚硬顶板破断致冲条件、充填体支撑下坚硬顶板运动特征及其降载防冲机理。结果表明:坚硬顶板动力破断条件为弹性区能量释放率高于塑形区能量耗散率,提出了动载冲击力计算方法,给出了动载荷和静态应力场组合作用下,冲击地压灾害发生原理;构建了充填体支撑作用下坚硬顶板沉降模型,得到了坚硬顶板沉降曲线,充填率是控制坚硬顶板沉降模式的关键因素;充填率提升至90%,坚硬顶板转变为连续沉降模式,构建了坚硬顶板连续沉降条件下支架围岩相互作用模型,提出了支架阻力计算方法,揭示了充填开采降载防冲机理;将充填开采降载防冲技术应用于1123工作面,提出了“三位一体”充填率提升技术,微震监测和顶板下沉量检测结果表明降载防冲效果良好,围岩控制效果显著提升。Hard roof is an important factor leading to strong mine pressure and even rock burst.Backfilling mining is an effective means to control the movement mode of hard roof.In order to analyze the effect of load reduction and coal burst prevention in backfilling mining of working face with hard roof in rock burst mine,taking 1123 working face of Gucheng Coal Mine as the engineering background,the breaking and punching conditions of hard roof,the movement characteristics of hard roof under the support of filling body,and the mechanism of load reduction and coal burst prevention were studied by theoretical analysis,numerical calculation and field measurement.The results showed that the dynamic fracture condition of hard roof was that the energy release rate in elastic zone was higher than that in plastic zone,the calculation method of dynamic load impact stress was proposed,and the principle of rock burst disaster under the combined action of reducing load and static stress field was given.The settlement model of hard roof under the support of filling body was constructed,and the settlement curve of hard roof was obtained.The filling rate was the key factor to control the settlement mode of hard roof.When the filling rate was increased to 90%,the hard roof was transformed into a continuous settlement mode.The support-surrounding rock interaction model under the condition of continuous settlement of hard roof was constructed,the calculation method of support resistance was proposed,and the mechanism of load reduction and coal burst prevention in backfilling mining was revealed.The technology of reducing load and coal burst prevention in backfilling mining was applied to 1123 working face,and the trinity filling rate improvement technology was put forward.The results of microseismic monitoring and roof subsidence detection showed that the effect of load reduction and coal burst prevention was good,and the effect of surrounding rock control was significantly improved.

关 键 词：充填开采 冲击地压 坚硬顶板 充填率 支架载荷 

分 类 号：TD324[矿业工程—矿井建设] TD823.7