“三软”厚煤层大采高工作面覆岩破断及应力运移规律实验研究  

Experimental study on overburden rock fracture and stress migration law of working face with large mining height in three soft thick coal seam with soft roof,floor an coal quality

作　　者：康志鹏 任波 罗勇 段昌瑞 任帅 KANG Zhipeng;REN Bo;LUO Yong;DUAN Changrui;REN Shuai(State Key Laboratory of Safe Mining of Deep Coal Resources and Environment Protection,Huainan Mining(Group)Co.Ltd.,Huainan,Anhui 232001,China;Key Laboratory of Coupled Hazards Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mining,National Mine Safety Administration,Huaihe Energy Holding Group Co.,Ltd.,Huainan,Anhui 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司深部煤炭安全开采与环境保护全国重点实验室,安徽省淮南市232001 [2]淮河能源控股集团有限责任公司深部煤炭开采耦合灾害防控国家矿山安全监察局重点实验室,安徽省淮南市232001

出　　处：《中国煤炭》2025年第1期158-164,共7页China Coal

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金(2108085QE209,2108085ME155);安徽省重点研究和开发计划(201904a07020011,1804a0802214)。

摘　　要：针对“三软”厚煤层大采高工作面开采覆岩非线性、非对称破坏问题以及保护煤柱宽度不合理造成的资源浪费、巷道围岩稳定性差等问题,以新景煤矿15028工作面为工程背景,通过物理相似模拟实验对“三软”厚煤层大采高工作面覆岩破断及应力运移规律进行实验研究。结果表明:“三软”厚煤层大采高工作面在回采开始时,顶板未发生大面积垮落,但产生较多水平裂隙;初次垮落时,塌落岩体与上部形成较大自由空间;当继续回采达到关键层极限破断距时,上覆岩层迅速大面积垮落,形成类似冲击地压的顶板“强烈垮塌”,采空区边缘悬臂梁结构发生“裂隙孕育快速发育回转下沉”变化,顶板垮落岩石由于碎胀充填作用,并未完全冒落;随着煤层持续开采,只在上覆岩层作用力的情况下,采空区底板未产生明显变形,即底板变形的主要原因为水平应力因素,采空区上覆岩层整体发生下沉,其中靠近煤层顶板越近,下沉量越大,最大下沉量为750 mm;采空区中部岩层位移最大,向两侧实煤体帮逐渐减小到0,整体位移曲线呈“V”字形;厚煤层大采高工作面侧向支承压力具有“双峰”特性,先小幅增加,达到第1个峰值点后小幅回落,应力降低区距离采空区10 m左右,而后到达第2个峰值点,此时距离采空区边缘19.2 m,应力最大值为27.5 MPa,随后持续回落,在72 m处趋于稳定,即采动侧向支承压力影响范围在60 m左右。Aiming at the problems of nonlinear and asymmetric failure of overlying strata of working face with large mining height in thick coal seam with soft roof,floor and coal quality,as well as the problem of coal resources waste and poor stability of roadway surrounding rock caused by unreasonable width of protective coal pillar,taking 15028 working face of Xinjing Coal Mine as the engineering background,through physical similarity simulation experiment,the law of overlying strata fracture and stress migration of working face with large mining height in thick coal seam with soft roof,floor and coal quality was studied by experiment.The results showed that the roof did not collapse in a large area during the initial mining of the working face,while more horizontal cracks were generated;during the initial collapse,the collapsed rock mass formed a large free space with the upper part;when the continuous mining advanced to the limit breaking distance of the key strata,the overlying strata rapidly collapsed in a large area,forming a strong collapse similar to rock burst at roof,the cantilever beam structure at the edge of the goaf presented changes of fissure inoculation,rapid development and rotary subsidence,and the roof was not completely caving due to the effect of broken expansion and filling of caving rocks;with the continuous mining of the coal seam,the goaf floor did not produce obvious deformation only under the overlying strata stress,that is,the main factor of the floor deformation was the horizontal stress,and the overlying strata of the goaf sank as a whole,and the closer to the roof of the coal seam,the greater the sinking amount of the overlying strata,with a maximum sinking hight of 750 mm;the displacement of rock strata in the middle of the goaf was the largest,and gradually reduced on both sides of solid coal body to 0,with a"V"-shaped overall displacement curve;the lateral abutment pressure of the working face has the characteristics of"double peaks",it increased slightly at first,then decreased slightly

关 键 词：“三软”厚煤层 大采高工作面 破断失稳 应力运移规律 

分 类 号：TD324[矿业工程—矿井建设]