西式民主何以不是普世民主——一种马克思主义的思考  

A Study on the Reason Why Western-style Democracy Is Not Universal Democracy—A Marxist Perspective

作　　者：刘仁营 吴丹 LIU Renying;WU Dan(School of Marxism,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330022;School of Marxism,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou,Jiangxi 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学马克思主义学院,江西南昌330022 [2]江西理工大学马克思主义学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《江西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2024年第6期107-116,共10页Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：江西省社会科学“十四五”(2024年)基金项目“福山对西式民主的批判反思及其启示研究”(编号:24KS02);江西省人文社科基金项目“习近平关于‘人类社会现代化’重要论述的重大意义研究”(编号:MKS23206)。

摘　　要：以竞争性选举为主要特征的西式民主,被某些西方国家强化宣传为普世民主。西式民主虽然具有特定的历史进步性,但从来不是永恒的、超阶级的、超民族的、最高效的,更不可能是普世的。从历史发展来看,资本主义社会形态的历史命运决定了西式民主不是永恒的;从阶级立场来看,维护资产阶级利益的终极目标决定了西式民主不是超阶级的;从历史文化传统来看,西方各国民主模式差异明显,不同的历史经历和文化传统决定了西式民主不是超民族的;从运行机制来看,过度的政党竞争机制、权力制衡机制、选举机制决定了西式民主整体上效率不高。要推进世界民主政治不断发展,必须首先从西式民主普世论的误区中走出来。Western-style democracy,characterized by competitive elections,has been aggressively promoted by some Western countries as universal democracy.Although Western-style democracy has a certain historical progressiveness,it has never been eternal,supraclass,supranational,most efficient,and certainly not universal.From the perspective of historical development,the historical destiny of capitalist social form determines that Western-style democracy is not eternal;from the perspective of class,the ultimate goal of safeguarding the interests of the bourgeoisie determines that Western-style democracy is not supraclass;from the perspective of historical and cultural traditions,Western countries have obvious differences in democratic models.Different historical experiences and cultural traditions determine that Western-style democracy is not supranational;from the perspective of operation mechanism,the excessive political party competition mechanism,power balance mechanism and election mechanism determine that the Western-style democracy is not efficient on the whole.In order to promote the continuous development of world democracy,we must first get out of the misunderstanding of Western-style democracy universalism.

关 键 词：马克思主义 西式民主 资本主义 普世价值 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]