有机肥配施保水剂对褐土耕层土壤水力特性的影响  

Effect of organic fertilizer combined with water-retaining agents on soil hydraulic characteristics in topsoil layer of brown soil

作　　者：赵敏[1] 王鑫平 赵聪 黄学芳 Zhao Min;Wang Xinping;Zhao Cong;Huang Xuefang(Shanxi Institute of Organic Dryland Farming,Shanxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture(Co-construction by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Shanxi Province),Taiyuan,Shanxi 030031,China;College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学山西有机旱作农业研究院/农业农村部有机旱作农业重点实验室(省部共建),山西太原030031 [2]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2025年第1期20-29,共10页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：山西省科技重大专项计划“揭榜挂帅”项目“有机旱作农业技术体系构建与示范应用”(202101140601026);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901101)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究有机肥配施保水剂对褐土耕层土壤水力特性的改良效果,旨在探寻最适配施的有机肥施入量及保水剂最佳配施比例,为褐土高水效耕层构建提供技术途径和理论依据。[方法]以山西省褐土耕层土壤为研究对象,采用裂区试验设计。以有机肥施用量为主区,设置F_(1)(0 t/hm^(2)),F_(2)(45 t/hm^(2)),F_(3)(60 t/hm^(2))和F_(4)(75 t/hm^(2))4个处理;以保水剂施用量为副区,设置B_(1)(0 kg/hm^(2)),B_(2)(300 kg/hm^(2)),B_(3)(600 kg/hm^(2))和B_(4)(900 kg/hm^(2))4个处理,探究有机肥和保水剂施用量对褐土耕层土壤水分特征曲线、比水容量值和有效水含量等水力特性的影响。[结果](1)与单施保水剂相比,有机肥配施保水剂处理土壤持水能力和供水能力均增强,有效含水量增加。(2)有机肥施入量不同,有机肥配施保水剂对土壤水力特性的改良效果不同。试验土壤低吸力段持水能力,供水能力及有效水含量均表现为:F_(3)>F_(2)>F_(4)>F_(1)。(3)F_(3)处理下,随着保水剂配施比例的增加,土壤的持水能力与供水能力呈现先增加后降低的趋势;土壤有效水含量与保水剂配施比例呈抛物线关系(R^(2)=0.949 3)。[结论]中量有机肥(60 t/hm^(2))配施保水剂对褐土耕层土壤改良效果最好,此有机肥投入量下保水剂的最佳配施比例是0.91%。[Objective]The effect of combining organic fertilizer with a water retaining agent on the hydraulic properties of brown soil in the tillage layer was analyzed in order to provide a technical approach and theoretical basis that can be used to improve brown soil tillage by finding the optimal organic fertilizer application amount and the optimal water retaining agent ratio.[Methods]A brown soil topsoil from Shanxi Province and a split-plot experimental design were used for the experiment.The main plot treatments were the amount of organic fertilizer applied:F_(1)(0 t/hm^(2)),F_(2)(45 t/hm^(2)),F_(3)(60 t/hm^(2)),and F_(4)(75 t/hm^(2)),and the subplot treatments were four water-retaining agent applications:B_(1)(0 kg/hm^(2)),B_(2)(300 kg/hm^(2)),B_(3)(600 kg/hm^(2)),and B_(4)(900 kg/hm^(2)).The effects of the amount of organic fertilizer and water-retaining agent on the soil water characteristics curve,specific water capacity,and available water content were analyzed.[Results]①Soil water-holding capacity,water-supply capacity,and the effective water content increased in the organic fertilizer combined with water-retaining agent treatments compared to the water-retaining agent alone treatments.②The effects of organic fertilizer combined with a water-retaining agent on soil hydraulic properties varied depending on the amounts of organic fertilizer applied.The water-holding capacity and water-supplying capacity of the test soil at low suction section followed the order F_(3)>F_(2)>F_(4)>F_(1),and the same was true for the effective water content.③Under the F3 treatment,the water holding capacity and water supply capacity of the soil first increased and then decreased as the water retaining agent application rate increased.There was a parabolic relationship between the effective soil water content and water-retaining agent application ratio(R^(2)=0.9493).[Conclusion]The improvement effect was greatest under the treatments with a medium amount of organic fertilizer(60 t/hm^(2))combined with a water-retaining agent

关 键 词：有机肥 保水剂 水分特征曲线 比水容量 有效水含量 

分 类 号：S156.92[农业科学—土壤学] S152.7[农业科学—农业基础科学]