不同种植模式对干热河谷坡耕地水土流失的影响  

Effects of different planting patterns on soil and water loss of sloping cropland in dry-hot valley

作　　者：张斌艳 何光熊[1,2,3] 王艳丹 杨淏舟 余建琳 冷鹏 方海东 史亮涛[1,2,3] 冉林 Zhang Binyan;He Guangxiong;Wang Yandan;Yang Haozhou;Yu Jianlin;Leng Peng;Fang Haidong;Shi Liangtao;Ran Lin(Tropical Eco-agriculture Research Insititute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yuanmou,Yunnan 651300,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development,Yuanmou,Yunnan 651300,China;Yunnan Yuanmou Jinlei Water and Soil Conservation Science and Technology Demonstration Garden,Yuanmou,Yunnanv 651300,China;Ynunan Soil and Water Conservation Ecological Environment Monitoring Station,Kunming,Yunnan 650000,China;Yuanmou Soil and Water Conservation Ecological Environment Monitoring Station,Yuanmou,Yunnan 651300,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,云南元谋651300 [2]云南省水土流失防治与绿色发展重点实验室,云南元谋651300 [3]云南元谋金雷国家水土保持科技示范园,云南元谋651300 [4]云南省水土保持生态环境监测总站,云南昆明650000 [5]元谋县水土保持生态环境监测站,云南元谋651300

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2025年第1期49-57,共9页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：云南大学,云南省水土流失与绿色发展重点实验室项目“云南省水土流失防治技术研发”(202205AK070026-01);云南省科学技术厅,云南省创新引导与科技型企业培育计划“建设元谋乡村振兴科技创新县”项目(202304BT090025-04);云南省林业和草原局,金沙江干热河谷植被生态站监测项目(2025-YN-18);农业部,国家产业技术体系“极端高温干旱区麻类作物水土保持效应评价试验”项目(CARS-16-E6)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究干热河谷区不同种植模式坡耕地的径流分配及水土保持效益,为金沙江干热河谷水土保持型经果林营建提供科学依据。[方法]采用原位径流小区监测试验,选取干热河谷坡耕地典型经果林经营的2种种植模式:单作(葡萄、枣树、柱花草)和果草复合间作(葡萄+柱花草、枣树+柱花草)为研究对象,设裸地为对照,比较不同作物和种植模式下小区地表径流、壤中流及土壤侵蚀量的差异,探究不同种植模式的径流分配机理,评价不同种植模式的水土保持效益。[结果]干热河谷不同种植模式和裸地径流均以地表径流为主(53.20%~94.07%),降雨量、降雨强度和植被覆盖是影响干热河谷区坡耕地土壤侵蚀的关键因素,不同种植模式通过调控径流在深土层的分配从而显著减少地表径流(50.79%~89.70%)和径流泥沙量(54.66%~77.13%);果草复合的间作模式50 cm和100 cm壤中流均高于其他模式,果草复合间作模式(枣树+柱花草、葡萄+柱花草)的减流(78.53%,72.54%)、减沙(71.76%,63.21%)效益显著高于单作模式。[结论]果草复合的间作模式通过将表层径流导入土壤深层的机制实现降雨径流的再分配,从而发挥更佳的水土保持功能。[Objective]The runoff distribution and soil-water conservation benefits of slope croplands with different planting patterns in dry-hot valleys were analyzed in order to provide a scientific basis for the construction of soil and water conservation orchards in the Jinsha River dry-hot valley.[Methods]An in-situ runoff plot monitoring was used,and two typical planting patterns of fruit trees in dry-hot valley slope cropland were selected for the study:monoculture(grapes,dates,and stylosanthes)and fruit-grass intercropping(grapes+stylosanthes,dates+stylosanthes);the bare land was used as a control.The differences in surface runoff,subsurface flow,and soil erosion between different crops and planting patterns were compared to explore the runoff allocation mechanism and evaluate the soil and water conservation benefits on different planting patterns.[Results]Surface runoff was dominant in dry-hot valleys under different cropping patterns,and bare land runoff(53.2%-94.07%),rainfall amount,rainfall intensity,and vegetation coverage were the key factors affecting soil erosion in the dry-hot valley slope cropland.Different planting patterns regulated the distribution of runoff in the deep soil layers to significantly reduce surface runoff(50.79%-89.70%)and sediment runoff(54.66%-77.13%).The 50 cm and 100 cm interflows of the fruit-grass intercropping pattern were higher than those of the other patterns.The runoff reduction(78.53%,72.54%)and sediment reduction(71.76%,63.21%)benefits of the fruit-grass intercropping pattern(dates+stylosanthes,grapes+stylosanthes)were significantly higher than those of the monoculture pattern.[Conclusion]The fruit-grass composite intercropping system redistributes rainfall runoff by directing surface runoff into deep soil,thus providing better benefits for soil and water conservation.

关 键 词：种植模式 降雨特征 径流分配 壤中流 土壤流失量 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]