不同回填技术下排土场土体裂缝的水分蒸发特征  

Water evaporation characteristics of soil cracks in dump under different backfill techniques

作　　者：毛向荣 曹小平 吕刚 王诏立 李孟楠 孙琦 Mao Xiangrong;Cao Xiaoping;Lu Gang;Wang Zhaoli;Li Mengnan;Sun Qi(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin,Liaoning 123000,China;Wudi County Urban and Rural Water Development Service Center,Wudi,Shandong 251900,China;Tieling County Natural Resources Affairs Service Center,Tieling,Liaoning 112000,China;Tieling Natural Resources Affairs Service Center,Tieling,Liaoning 112000,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院,辽宁阜新123000 [2]无棣县城乡水务发展服务中心,山东无棣251900 [3]铁岭县自然资源事务服务中心,辽宁铁岭112000 [4]铁岭市自然资源事务服务中心,辽宁铁岭112000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2025年第1期190-198,共9页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目“辽东水源涵养林区煤矿废弃地生态修复关键技术研究”(XLYC2007046);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1503105)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究排土场土体裂缝在经过不同回填技术处理后土壤的水分蒸发特征,为排土场土体裂缝的有效治理、促进生态环境修复和土地复垦提供科学依据。[方法]试验用土取自海州露天矿西排土场表面覆土,通过对土体裂缝进行模拟回填处理,采用室内模拟蒸发试验进行分析。[结果]裂缝的日蒸发量在试验中呈现出明显的3阶段蒸发规律,不同回填处理对裂缝的日蒸发量影响较小;随着裂缝宽度增加,裂缝的累积蒸发量变大,经过回填处理可有效减少裂缝累积蒸发量,回填比例为1∶1(处理1)累积蒸发量均为同组裂缝回填下的最小值;裂缝的出现会导致土壤含水率减少,但回填处理能够提高裂缝的含水率,其中回填比例为1∶1(处理1)的含水率均为3组裂缝的最高值,均值达29.74%;裂缝宽度的增加对蒸发失水比也有影响,经过回填处理后能够降低蒸发失水比,且回填比例为1∶1(处理1)在减少蒸发失水比方面表现最佳。[结论]裂缝的存在对裂缝的日蒸发量、累积蒸发量、含水率和蒸发失水比均有影响,且回填比例为1∶1(处理1)在对排土场土体裂缝的水分蒸发研究中表现效果最佳。[Objective]The soil water evaporation characteristics of soil cracks after different backfilling techniques was analyzed in order to provide scientific basis for the effective control of soil cracks in the dump hence promote ecological environment restoration and land reclamation.[Methods]The soil was collected from the surface of the west dump of Haizhou open-pit mine and the soil cracks were simulated by backfilling treatment and analyzed by the simulated evaporation test in the laboratory.[Results]The daily evaporation of cracks showed an obvious three-stage evaporation rule,and different backfilling treatments had little effect on the daily evaporation of cracks.With the increase of crack width,the cumulative evaporation of cracks increased and backfill treatment effectively reduced the cumulative evaporation of cracks.The cumulative evaporation of cracks with a backfilling ratio of 1∶1(treatment 1)was the minimum value under the same group of cracks backfilling.The appearance of cracks would lead to the reduction of soil moisture content,but backfill treatment could improve the moisture content of cracks,and the water content of backfilling ratio of 1∶1(treatment 1)was the highest value of the three groups of cracks,with an average value of 29.74%.The increase of crack width also had an impact on the evaporative water-loss ratio and the backfill treatment could reduce the evaporative water-loss ratio.The backfill ratio of 1∶1(treatment 1)had the best performance in reducing the evaporative water-loss ratio.[Conclusion]The existence of cracks has an effect on the daily evaporation,cumulative evaporation,water content,and evaporation water loss ratio of cracks,and the 1∶1 backfill ratio(treatment 1)has the best performance in the study of water evaporation of soil cracks in the dump.

关 键 词：土体裂缝 水分蒸发 回填技术 土壤水分 露天煤矿 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] X171.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]