中国东南沿海典型养殖海湾:三沙湾海-气界面甲烷扩散通量及影响因素研究  

Research on Air-sea Flux and Influencing Factors of Methane in a Typical Mariculture Along the Southeastern Coast of China:the Sansha Bay

作　　者：雷灵逸 王飞鹏 臧昆鹏 吕小龙 张智 杨丽阳 穆景利 LEI Lingyi;WANG Feipeng;ZANG Kunpeng;LÜXiaolong;ZHANG Zhi;YANG Liyang;MU Jingli(College of Environmental&Safety Engineering,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China;Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity,College of Geography and Oceanography,Minjiang University,Fuzhou 350122,China;Zhejiang Innovative Institute of Carbon Neutrality,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学环境与安全工程学院,福建福州350108 [2]闽江学院地理与海洋学院福建省海洋生物多样性保护与永续利用重点实验室,福建福州350122 [3]浙江工业大学浙江碳中和创新研究院,浙江杭州310014

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2024年第11期1156-1168,共13页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：福建省促进海洋与渔业产业高质量发展专项资金(编号:FJHJF-TH-2023-3);福建省科技计划项目引导性项目(编号:2023N01010293)资助。

摘　　要：科学评估海湾养殖区的溶存甲烷(CH_(4))和海—气扩散通量分布对于认识渔业养殖活动对大气CH_(4)的区域性贡献具有重要意义。基于2023年4个季度现场考察,研究了福建省典型养殖海湾——三沙湾各季度、不同养殖区域表层海水的溶存CH_(4)浓度、海—气扩散通量分布特征及影响因素,评估了海湾渔业养殖活动对大气CH_(4)浓度变化的贡献。结果表明,海湾表层水体溶存CH_(4)浓度为9.91~609.22 nmol/L,海—气扩散通量为3.46~1188.15μmol/(m^(2)·d),CH_(4)海—气扩散通量表现为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季。三沙湾内溶存CH_(4)浓度及海—气扩散通量空间分布趋势一致,总体呈现由河口向湾口降低的趋势,CH_(4)高值区域出现在养殖活动频繁的河口养殖区站位,其次为中部养殖区和东部养殖区,湾口养殖区为监测最低值区域。对三沙湾养殖区域的表层海水溶存CH_(4)浓度、海—气扩散通量的时空分布特征及环境因素相关性分析表明,渔业养殖活动及陆源径流输入共同调控着海湾内CH_(4)的时空分布格局。大型藻类养殖期间,养殖区域水体溶存CH_(4)浓度、通量低于非大型藻类养殖期;夏季是CH_(4)释放的高峰,这与鱼类养殖活动增多和丰水期径流输入密切相关。养殖海域的溶存CH_(4)浓度及海—气扩散通量研究可为养殖业CH_(4)控制减排提供科学支撑。Evaluating the distribution and sea-air fluxes of dissolved methane(CH_(4))in mariculture areas is important for understanding how aquaculture contributes to regional CH_(4)emissions into the atmosphere.Seasonal field surveys conducted in 2023 were used to analyze the temporal and spatial variation of CH_(4)concentrations in surface water and CH_(4)air-sea flux in a typical aquaculture system in Sansha Bay,Fujian Province.The results showed that dissolved CH_(4)concentrations ranged from 9.91 to 609.22 nmol/L,with corresponding air-sea fluxes between 3.46 to 1188.15μmol/(m^(2)·d).Temporally,the CH_(4)air-sea fluxes were higher in summer and autumn compared to spring and winter.Spatially,CH_(4)concentrations and air-sea fluxes decreased consistently from the estuary to the bay mouth,with the highest values in the estuarine aquaculture area and the lowest in the bay mouth aquaculture area.Correlation analysis showed that aquacultural activities and terrestrial runoff inputs contributed to the spatiotemporal distribution of CH_(4)concentrations within the bay.In the macroalgae cultivation zones,CH_(4)production and emissions during farming periods were significantly lower than during non-farming periods.Additionally,the residual feed and feces generated by fish in cages may result in increased CH_(4)emissions.Notably,CH_(4)emissions peaked in summer,due to enhanced aquaculture activities and runoff inputs during the wet season.Future work should focus on investigating CH_(4)air-sea fluxes in mariculture areas to provide scientific support for CH_(4)control and emission reduction in aquaculture.

关 键 词：三沙湾 溶存甲烷 海—气扩散通量 水产养殖 时空分布 环境因子 

分 类 号：P76[天文地球—海洋科学]