绞股蓝化学成分及其药理作用研究进展  

Research Progress on the Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Effects of Jiaogulan(Fiveleaf Gynostemma Herb)

作　　者：李倩[1] 陈雨萌 王煦焱 张育芳 曹寒晶 王川[1] 刘维海 LI Qian;CHEN Yumeng;WANG Xuyan;ZHANG Yufang;CAO Hanjing;WANG Chuan;LIU Weihai(Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Xianyang 712046,Shaanxi,China;The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Xianyang 712000,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西中医药大学,陕西咸阳712046 [2]陕西中医药大学附属医院,陕西咸阳712000

出　　处：《辽宁中医药大学学报》2025年第3期104-112,共9页Journal of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82374077);陕西省中医药管理局中医药科研项目(SZY-KJCYC-2023-061);陕西省科技厅一般项目-青年项(2023-JC-QN-0821);陕西省教育厅一般专项项目(22JK0348);陕西省科技厅社会发展领域项目(2022SF-207);大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310716075);陕西中医药大学研究生科教研协同育人成果转化项目(2024YC06)。

摘　　要：绞股蓝是葫芦科绞股蓝属草质可食用植物资源,主要分布于长江以南和陕西南部。1986年,国家科技部将绞股蓝列入国家“星火计划”首批名贵中药,并于2002年列入国家保健食品目录。早期对绞股蓝的研究主要集中于皂苷类成分,近年来,越来越多的研究人员开始关注绞股蓝黄酮和多糖类成分,绞股蓝的药理活性成分也从早期的粗提物逐渐深入为单体。该文从化学成分、药理作用、临床应用等方面对近几年国内外绞股蓝相关文献进行综述。其主要化学成分为绞股蓝总皂苷、氨基酸、多糖、黄酮以及各种微量元素。具有抗肿瘤、保护心脑血管、降血糖、增强免疫力、保肝等药理作用,有着巨大的研究开发价值。临床上主要用于降血压、降血脂、护肝、促进睡眠以及多种癌症的抗癌临床治疗。通过对绞股蓝化学成分及药理作用进行归纳总结,并对其研究方向进行展望,以期为绞股蓝的深入研究与开发提供参考。Jiaogulan(Fiveleaf Gynostemma Herb)is a herbaceous edible plant resource of the genus Gynostemma of the family Cucurbitaceae,mainly distributed in the south of the Yangtze River and southern Shaanxi.The Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China included Jiaogulan(Fiveleaf Gynostemma Herb)in the first batch of valuable Chinese medicines in the national“Spark Plan”in 1896,and it was listed in the national health food catalog in 2002.Early studies on gibberellic acid mainly focused on the saponin components,in recent years,more and more researchers began to focus on gibberellic acid flavonoids and polysaccharides,gibberellic acid pharmacological active ingredients from the early crude extracts gradually in-depth for the monomer.In this paper,the literature related to gibberellic acid at home and abroad in recent years is reviewed from the aspects of chemical composition,pharmacological effects and clinical applications.The main chemical components of gibberellic acid are gibberellic acid total saponin,amino acids,polysaccharides,flavonoids,and various trace elements.Jiaogulan(Fiveleaf Gynostemma Herb)has anti-tumor,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection,hypoglycemia,immunity enhancement,hepatoprotection and other pharmacological effects,and has great research and development value.Clinically,Jiaogulan(Fiveleaf Gynostemma Herb)is mainly used for lowering blood pressure,lowering blood lipids,liver protection,promoting sleep,and anti-cancer clinical treatment of various cancers.By summarizing the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Jiaogulan(Fiveleaf Gynostemma Herb),and looking forward to its research direction,we hope to provide reference for the in-depth research and development of Jiaogulan(Fiveleaf Gynostemma Herb).

关 键 词：绞股蓝 绞股蓝皂苷 化学成分 药理作用 临床应用 

分 类 号：R282.71[医药卫生—中药学]