我国侵权责任法司法解释的历程与经验  

Evolution and Experience of Judicial Interpretation of China’s Tort Liability Law

作　　者：张新宝[1] ZHANG Xinbao(Law School of Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《现代法学》2025年第1期41-61,F0002,共22页Modern Law Science

摘　　要：从《民法通则》至《侵权责任法》及《民法典》侵权责任编,我国侵权责任法司法解释的发展经历了三个阶段,第一个阶段主要解决精神损害赔偿和人身损害赔偿的问题,第二个阶段主要解决《侵权责任法》适用过程中的突出问题,第三个阶段主要是配合《民法典》的正确实施。我国侵权责任法司法解释的发展具有以下特征:充分体现了习近平法治思想,贯彻了以人民为中心的基本立场,中国特色社会主义法律规范体系不断完善;实现了从规则创设到法律解释的转变;及时回应社会的发展和变化,适应经济和技术的发展,准确发现和化解社会突出矛盾;解释水平显著提高,紧密围绕实践中的重点与难点问题作出具有指导价值的解释。但总体而言,也存在个别需要注意和完善的事项。The evolution of judicial interpretations governing tort liability law in China demonstrates three distinct developmental phases corresponding to key legislative milestones:(1)the era of The General Principles of Civil Law,primarily addressing psychological distress compensation and personal injury remedies;(2)the period of the The Tort Liability Law,resolving critical application challenges;(3)The era starting with the launch of China’s Civil Code,during which such judicial interpretations are mainly intended to ensure doctrinal coherence with the codified tort provisions.The evolution of judicial interpretation of China’s tort liability law reveals four paradigmatic characteristics:embodying Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law,and fully implementing the principle of“giving top priority to the people”,with the system of socialist legal norms with Chinese characteristics being constantly improved;the methodological shift from judicial rule-making to authentic statutory interpretation;dynamic responsiveness to social development and changes,adapting to economic and technological development,and accurately discovering and resolving the prominent social contradictions;enhanced hermeneutic sophistication in resolving practical dilemmas through authoritative guidance.On the whole,however,while demonstrating remarkable institutional maturity,the judicial interpretations do involve certain interpretative inconsistencies that require further doctrinal refinement.

关 键 词：侵权责任法 司法解释 法律解释 民法典 

分 类 号：DF526[政治法律—民商法学]