商刑关系视野下商事犯罪的实体出罪规则  

Substantive Decriminalization of Commercial Offenses from the Perspective of Commercial-Criminal Jurisprudence

作　　者：刘艳红[1] LIU Yanhong(China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学,北京100088

出　　处：《现代法学》2025年第1期129-145,共17页Modern Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“数字经济的刑事安全风险防范体系建构研究”(21&ZD209)。

摘　　要：商事犯罪的认定应在交叉共治的商刑关系视野下贯彻商刑兼顾的理念,以是否严重侵害商事关系为核心判断标准。当前司法实践在“商刑分立以刑为主”的观念下存在“唯数额论”的实体入罪方法简单化和实体出罪结论无序化等问题,导致司法实践中商事犯罪实体入罪、出罪存在一定的随意性。商事犯罪的界定应在整体法秩序内实质判断是否具有双重违法性,结合商事犯罪一般违法和具体违法的双层构造和递进式审查模式,应将法秩序统一性原理作为商刑关系视野下商事犯罪实体出罪的基础理论。商事合法行为无法构成商事犯罪,但涉嫌商事犯罪的商事行为并不必然无效。欠缺将法律后果指向刑罚“转致条款”的特定商事违法行为和不属于构成要件定型性范围的商事违法行为,均应当予以出罪。虽符合《刑法》明文规定,但没有产生实质法益侵害和不具有可罚的违法性的商事犯罪,也应当予以出罪。在商刑关系视野下,应将法法衔接的过程转化为层层出罪的过程,以此为司法实践提供合理的商事犯罪实体出罪规则。The adjudication of commercial crimes should be based on a balanced commercial-criminal governance paradigm,prioritizing material infringement of commercial relations as the core determinant.However,guided by the concept of“separating commercial and criminal affairs and focusing on criminal affairs”,current judicial practice in China exhibits a number of problematic tendencies,such as oversimplified conviction metrics(“quantity determinism”)and disorderliness in substantive decriminalization outcomes,which have led to a certain degree of arbitrariness in the substantive incrimination and conviction of commercial crimes in judicial practice in China.The definition of commercial crimes should be based on the overall legal order to determine whether there is dual illegality,and the principle of unity of the legal order should be taken as the basic doctrine for the substantive conviction of commercial crimes under the perspective of relationship between commercial law and criminal law,in combination with the two-tier structure and progressive review mode of general and specific violations of commercial crimes.Legally compliant commercial conduct categorically precludes criminal liability,but commercial acts suspected of constituting commercial crimes are not necessarily invalid.Commercial offenses that lack a“referential clause”that directing the legal consequences of specific unlawful acts to criminal penalties,and fall outside the defined scope of constitutive elements,should be decriminalized.Further,commercial offenses that comply with the express provisions of Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China but do not produce substantial legal harm and do not involve a punishable offense should also be decriminalized.From the perspective of the relationship between criminal law and commercial law,the process of connecting legal provisions should thus be transformed into a process of hierarchical decriminalization,providing reasonable rules for the decriminalization of commercial crimes in judicial p

关 键 词：商刑关系 商事犯罪 实体出罪 法秩序统一性原理 

分 类 号：DF623[政治法律—刑法学]