“批量列举型”规范的公法界限  

On the Boundary of“Batch-Enumerated”Norms from the Perspective of Public Law

作　　者：王瑞雪[1] WANG Ruixue(School of Law of Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院,天津300350

出　　处：《现代法学》2025年第1期146-162,共17页Modern Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“声誉制裁在行政法中的体系定位与法治完善研究”(21CFX066);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“信用治理与行政法学理变革”(63243024)。

摘　　要：为实现更高程度的明确性和高效性,与自动化行政相契合,行政机关越发倾向于以目录、清单、名录等批量列举的形式发布行政规范,将极为复杂的规制内容以非常具象的方式呈现。“批量列举型”规范是立法“代码化”的重要表现形式,在授权、位阶、内容方面存在显著分殊,分属不同的法律性质。它们至少包括规范具体化规则、用于科学问题上填补判断余地,还包括细化不确定法律概念的解释性规则、指导性规则等行政规范类型,还有可能被定性为一般行政处分或具体行政行为。这类规范可以提供清晰的指引,但其将复杂的法律解释与适用完全隐匿于条目编制过程中,也带来了新的合法性、合理性与体系性难题。有权机关应当厘定“批量列举型”规范的适用情境,高度开放规则制定过程,在实体与程序等方面对其进行法律控制,完善与高度具体化相适应的立法技术,令规则形式选择与超大规模复杂治理任务相适配。In order to achieve a greater degree of clarity and efficiency,and align themselves with the automation of administrative affairs,administrative agencies are increasingly inclined to publish administrative norms in the form of catalogs,checklists,and directories,presenting extremely complex regulatory content in a highly concrete manner.“Batch-Enumerated”norms,which have become an important manifestation of legislative“codification”,exhibit significant differences among themselves in terms of authorization,hierarchy,and content,given that they vary from each other in their legislative natures.Specifically,those norms include,among others,administrative rules that fill the space of administrative discretion on scientific issues,administrative interpretation rules that refine uncertain legal concepts,and administrative guidance documents,and still others are generalized adjudications or administrative decisions.While such norms can provide clear guidance,they completely conceal complex legal interpretation and application within the process of compilation,which brings about new challenges of legality,rationality,and systemic coherence.The competent authorities should therefore clarify the applicable situation of those norms,improve the formulation process through legal control over their substantive and procedural aspects,and refine the corresponding legislative techniques,aligning the form of rules with the tasks of large-scale complex governance.

关 键 词：目录 清单 行政立法 行政裁量 数字政府 

分 类 号：DF31[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]