本体性安全视角下欧盟对中国与西巴尔干国家“一带一路”合作的认知与反应  

EU’s Understanding and Reaction to Belt and Road Cooperation between China and the Western Balkans from Ontological Security Perspective

作　　者：李丹[1,2] Li Dan

机构地区：[1]厦门大学公共事务学院政治学系,福建厦门361005 [2]厦门大学一带一路研究院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《国际论坛》2025年第1期117-135,159,160,共21页International Forum

摘　　要：西巴尔干地区是中东欧区域重要的地缘政治板块,是欧盟向东扩大政治版图、提高区域治理威望的重点对象。近年来,受域内域外多重危机影响,欧盟的本体性安全感下降,对中国与西巴尔干共建“一带一路”合作高度警觉,对中国的负面认知上升,逐渐将中国定义为巴尔干半岛的“经济麻烦制造者”“威权政治助推器”和“规范价值破坏者”,试图离间中国与西巴尔干国家的关系,巩固欧盟的“统治地位”,维护其“本体性安全”。然而,欧盟对西巴尔干国家的入盟承诺与其迟缓甚至停滞的扩员行动自相矛盾,令西巴尔干国家失望,并引发它们的质疑。与此同时,西巴尔干国家与中国共建“一带一路”合作结出累累硕果,成为促进当地经济发展的新动力、新引力,也成为中欧在互联互通、绿色发展、数字经济等方面拓展合作、共同促进西巴尔干国家发展的新机遇、新空间。本文从本体性安全角度审视欧盟对中国与西巴尔干国家共建“一带一路”的认知与反应,有助于为理解和应对欧盟的安全焦虑与过度反应,探寻一种合理解释框架与理性处理之道。The Western Balkans is an important geopolitical area in Central and Eastern Europe,and is a key target for the EU’s eastward expansion and efforts to enhance its regional governance prestige.In recent years,influenced by multiple crises within and outside the region,the EU’s sense of ontological security has declined,and it is highly alert to China’s cooperation with the Western Balkans in building the“the Belt and Road”.Consequently,it has strengthened its negative perception of China,labeled China as the“economic trouble maker,”“political corruption booster,”and“normative value breaker”in the Balkans,and tried to counter China’s relations with the Western Balkan countries to consolidate the EU’s“dominance”and maintain its“ontological security.”However,the contradiction between EU’s commitment to recruiting the Western Balkan countries and its ineffectual actions has caused disappointment and questioning among the Western Balkan countries.At the same time,the cooperation between the Western Balkan countries and China to jointly build the“the Belt and Road”has yielded fruitful results,which have become a new driving force for local economic development and a new attraction for growth for these countries,and also opened up new opportunities and spaces for China-EU cooperation in areas such as connectivity,green development,digital economy,and other aspects contributing to the development of the Western Balkans.From the perspective of ontological security,this paper examines the EU’s perception and response to the joint construction of the“Belt and Road”by China and the Western Balkan countries,which will help to explore a reasonable framework and rational treatment for understanding and dealing with the EU's security anxiety and overreactions.

关 键 词：本体性安全 欧盟 西巴尔干国家 “一带一路” 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]