铝基碳化硅复合材料超快激光表面加工研究现状  

Research Status of Ultrafast Laser Surface Processing of Silicon Carbide/Aluminum Composites

作　　者：王星 李诚[1] 冯杰才 彭效海 WANG Xing;LI Cheng;FENG Jiecai;PENG Xiaohai(School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;Shanghai Institute of Spacecraft Equipment,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学机电工程与自动化学院,上海200444 [2]上海卫星装备研究所,上海200240

出　　处：《材料保护》2025年第2期1-18,共18页Materials Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFB3307700)资助。

摘　　要：铝基碳化硅(SiC/Al)复合材料具有高强度、低密度等优异性能,广泛应用于航空、航天等领域。然而,SiC/Al复合材料的硬度和熔点都较高,电火花、机械加工等传统加工方法存在加工效率低、质量一致性差等问题。近年来,超快激光因具有极短脉冲宽度、极高脉冲能量等特点,有望成为SiC/Al复合材料新的高效高质表面加工方法。阐明材料对激光能量的吸收及传递是揭示超快激光加工复杂物理化学过程的首要解决的问题。此外,明确材料的去除机制是实现高精高效超快激光加工的关键,为按需制备表面微纳功能性结构提供了理论基础。因此,针对SiC/Al复合材料超快激光表面加工过程,总结了超快激光与材料相互作用时的能量吸收、能量传递和材料去除机制的研究现状;其次,分析了SiC/Al复合材料超快激光表面微纳结构制备工艺与表面润湿性、胶接性能等应用现状;最后,梳理了SiC/Al复合材料超快激光表面加工目前面临的挑战和未来发展趋势。Silicon carbide/aluminum(SiC/Al)composites possess excellent properties such as high strength and low density,which enables their extensive application in fields such as aviation and aerospace.However,due to the high hardness and melting point of SiC/Al composites,traditional processing methods including electrical discharge machining and mechanical processing suffer from issues like low processing efficiency and poor⁃quality consistency.In recent years,ultrafast lasers,characterized by their extremely short pulse width and extremely high pulse energy,are promising to serve as a novel high⁃efficiency and high⁃quality surface processing method for SiC/Al composites.Elucidating the absorption and transfer of laser energy by the material is the primary problem to be solved for revealing the complex physical and chemical processes in ultrafast laser processing.Moreover,clarifying the material removal mechanism is the key to achieving high⁃precision and high⁃efficiency ultrafast laser processing,providing a theoretical foundation for the on⁃demand fabrication of surface micro⁃nano functional struc⁃tures.Therefore,in view of the ultrafast laser surface machining process of SiC/Al composites,the research status of energy absorption,energy transfer and material removal mechanism in the interaction between ultrafast laser and materials was summarized.Secondly,the application sta⁃tus of SiC/Al composite surface micro/nano structure preparation process,surface wettability and bonding properties by ultrafast laser was ana⁃lyzed.Finally,the current challenges and future development trends of ultrafast laser surface processing of SiC/Al composites were summarized.

关 键 词：铝基碳化硅 超快激光 能量吸收 能量传递 微纳结构 加工工艺 

分 类 号：TG174.4[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]