基于灰色关联分析的M142铝合金表面Ni-Fe镀层的脉冲电化学沉积工艺和性能的多目标优化研究  

Research on Multi⁃Objective Optimization of Pulse Electrochemical Deposition Process and Properties of Ni⁃Fe Coatings on M142 Aluminum Alloy Surface Based on Grey Relational Analysis

作　　者：马越 叶兵[2] 杨成[1] 安明东 周飞[1] MA Yue;YE Bing;YANG Cheng;AN Mingdong;ZHOU Fei(State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学航天航空结构力学及控制全国重点实验室,江苏南京210016 [2]上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院轻合金精密成型国家工程研究中心,上海200240

出　　处：《材料保护》2025年第2期42-55,共14页Materials Protection

摘　　要：为了提升M142铝合金材料表面的显微硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性,采用田口方法设计L_(16)正交实验来研究脉冲电化学沉积参数对Ni-Fe镀层的力学性能、耐磨性能以及耐腐蚀性能的影响。基于方差分析研究脉冲参数电流密度、占空比和脉冲频率对镀层硬度、摩擦系数、磨损率、自腐蚀电流密度和电荷转移电阻性能的影响,最终通过灰色关联分析实现脉冲工艺的多目标优化。结果表明:脉冲参数中的占空比对Ni-Fe镀层显微硬度的影响最为显著,而电流密度对镀层耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响较大。此外,使用灰色关联方法综合分析Ni-Fe镀层的显微硬度、耐磨性以及耐腐蚀性这3项性能,最终得出当脉冲参数频率为2000 Hz、占空比为50%、电流密度为2 A/dm^(2)时,Ni-Fe镀层的综合性能最佳,具有最大显微硬度301.0 HV_(0.05)和最大电荷转移电阻14148Ω·cm^(2)以及最小摩擦系数1.06、最小磨损率51.45×10^(-4)mm^(3)/(N·m)和最小自腐蚀电流密度0.57μA/cm^(2)。对比优化前后镀层的微观结构发现Ni-Fe镀层晶粒的细化是性能再次提升的主要原因。In order to enhance the microhardness,wear resistance,and corrosion resistance of the M142 aluminum alloy material surface,the Taguchi method was employed to design L16 orthogonal experiments to study the effect of pulse electrochemical deposition parameters on the mechanical properties,wear resistance and corrosion resistance of Ni⁃Fe coatings.Based on variance analysis,the effects of pulse parameters such as current density,duty cycle and pulse frequency on the hardness,friction coefficient,wear rate,self⁃corrosion current density and charge transfer resistance of the coating were studied.Subsequently,the multi⁃objective optimization of pulse process was realized by grey correlation analysis.Results indicated that among the pulse parameters,the duty cycle had the most significant influence on the microhardness of the Ni⁃Fe coating,while the current density had greater impact on the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating.Furthermore,by comprehensively analyzing the microhardness,wear resistance,and corrosion resistance of the Ni⁃Fe coating using the grey relational analy⁃sis method,it was finally concluded that when the pulse parameters were set as a frequency of 2000 Hz,a duty cycle of 50%,and a current density of 2 A/dm^(2),the Ni⁃Fe coating exhibited the best comprehensive performance.The as⁃obtained coating had a maximum microhardness of 301 HV0.05,a maximum charge transfer resistance of 14148Ω·cm^(2),a minimum friction coefficient of 1.06,a minimum wear rate of 51.45×10mm^(3)/(N·m),and a minimum self⁃corrosion current density of 0.57μA/cm^(2).By comparing the microstructures of the coating before and after opti⁃mization,it was found that the refinement of the Ni⁃Fe coating grains was the main reason for the further improvement of the coating performance.

关 键 词：Ni-Fe镀层 脉冲电沉积 田口法 多目标优化 灰色关联分析 

分 类 号：TG153.2[金属学及工艺—热处理]