硬质颗粒对冷喷涂2024铝合金涂层耐磨性能的影响  

Effect of Hard Particles on Wear Resistance of Cold⁃Sprayed 2024 Aluminum Alloy Coatings

作　　者：代雪婷 宋圣强 南健 DAI Xueting;SONG Shengqiang;NAN Jian(State-Owned Machinery Factory in Wuhu,Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]国营芜湖机械厂,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《材料保护》2025年第2期101-107,共7页Materials Protection

摘　　要：针对纯2024铝合金耐磨性能差、易损伤的问题,采用机械混合的方式将SiC、Al_(2)O_(3)、TiC和WC 4种不同的硬质颗粒分别与2024铝合金粉末按照相同的比例(5∶2,体积比)混合均匀,并使用冷喷涂方法制备涂层。通过SEM、显微硬度测试、结合强度测试、摩擦磨损试验等方法,探究硬质颗粒对冷喷涂2024铝合金涂层耐磨性能的影响。结果显示:相比纯2024铝合金涂层,随着硬质颗粒密度的增大,涂层的硬度和结合强度均不断上升,2024Al+WC涂层的硬度提升了62.7%,达到247.8 HV_(0.05),结合强度提升了71.1%,达到60.4 MPa。摩擦磨损试验结果显示,虽然混入硬质颗粒可有效提升2024铝合金涂层的耐磨性能,大幅度降低磨损失重,但由于TiC和WC硬质颗粒的密度较大,磨粒因无法快速脱落而附着在涂层表面,加剧了2024Al+TiC和2024Al+WC涂层的磨损。2024Al+Al_(2)O_(3)涂层在不同的载荷下的磨损失重均最低。在20 N和30 N的载荷下,2024Al+Al_(2)O_(3)涂层磨损失重分别达到1.9 mg和2.4 mg,相比2024铝合金涂层分别下降了77.9%和81.1%,耐磨性能最优。To address the issues of poor wear resistance and susceptibility to damage in pure 2024 aluminum alloy,four different hard particles,SiC,Al_(2)O_(3),TiC and WC were mechanically mixed with 2024 aluminum alloy powder at a fixed ratio(5:2,volume ratio)and the mixture was uniformly blended.Cold spraying was used to prepare the coatings.The influence of the hard particles on the wear resistance of cold⁃sprayed 2024 aluminum alloy coatings was investigated using methods such as scanning electron microscopy(SEM),microhardness testing,bonding strength testing,and friction⁃wear tests.Results showed that compared to the pure 2024 aluminum alloy coating,the hardness and bonding strength of the coatings increased as the density of the hard particles increased.The hardness of the 2024Al+WC coating increased by 62.7%,reaching 247.8 HV_(0.05),and its bonding strength increased by 71.1%,reaching 60.4 MPa.Friction⁃wear test results indicated that although the addition of hard particles effectively improved the wear resistance of 2024 aluminum alloy coatings and significantly reduced weight loss due to wear,the larger density of TiC and WC particles caused the abrasive particles to adhere to the coating surface without falling off quickly,exacerbating wear on the 2024Al+TiC and 2024Al+WC coatings.The 2024Al+Al_(2)O_(3) coating exhibited the lowest wear weight loss under different loads.Under 20 N and 30 N loads,the wear weight loss of the 2024Al+Al_(2)O_(3) coating reached 1.9 mg and 2.4 mg,respectively,a reduction of 77.9%and 81.1%compared to the 2024 aluminum alloy coating,demonstrating the best wear resistance.

关 键 词：冷喷涂 铝合金涂层 硬质颗粒 耐磨性能 

分 类 号：TG174.4[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]