国企人员擅自分配单位资产行为的刑法定性  

A Criminal Qualitative Research on the Unauthorized Distribution of Entity Assets by the State-owned Enterprise Employees

作　　者：林东品 胡欣琪 LIN Dongpin;HU Xinqi(Shanghai Bohe Hanshang Law Firm,Shanghai 200040)

机构地区：[1]上海博和汉商律师事务所

出　　处：《犯罪研究》2024年第6期12-19,共8页Chinese Criminology Review

摘　　要：实践中,国企人员擅自分配单位资产的行为往往会引发“构成个人共犯行为还是单位集体行为”“是私分资产的单位犯罪还仅是单位内部的违规分配”等争议问题。从行为要件梳理,个人行为与单位行为的界分标准为“是否以单位名义进行分配”“分配行为是否体现单位集体意志”且“资产最终是否被分配至单位大多数人”;若为单位私分行为,则通过考察单位对于被分配财产是否享有自主支配权进一步区分一般违规行为与私分国有资产犯罪。从主体要件梳理,个人共犯行为是否构成贪污犯罪,着重考察行为人是否符合“国家工作人员”的形式与实质要件;单位私分行为是否构成私分国有资产犯罪,着重考察单位是否符合“国有独资企业”的主体要件。对于国有控股、参股企业,以国有公司、企业人员滥用职权罪对单位直接负责人员定罪处罚符合基本刑法原理与罪刑法定原则。In practice,the unauthorized distribution of entity assets by state-owned enterprise staff members often leads to disputes such as"whether it constitutes an individual accomplice act or a collective act of the entity","whether it is an entity crime of privately distributing assets or only an illegal distribution within the entity".In terms of the behavioral element,the criteria to distinguish individual behavior and entity behavior are"whether the distribution is carried out in the name of the entity","whether the distribution behavior reflects the collective will of the entity"and"whether the assets are eventually distributed to the majority of the entity".In the case of the private distribution of state-owned assets,the general violation and private distribution of state-owned assets are further distinguished by examining whether the entity enjoys independent control of the distributed property.In terms of the subject element,whether the act of individual accomplice constitutes a crime of corruption depends on whether the perpetrator conforms to the form and essential elements of"state personnel";Whether an entity's private distribution constitutes a crime of private distribution of stateowned assets depends on whether the entity conforms to the main requirements of"wholly state-owned enterprises".For state-controlled enterprises and enterprises where the state has equity participation,there is a comparatively unified judgment approach in judicial practice to convict and punish the directly responsible personnel of the entity for the crime of abuse of power by the personnel of state-owned companies and other enterprises,which conforms to the principle of basic criminal law and the principle of statutory punishment.

关 键 词：贪污罪 私分国有资产罪 国有公司、企业人员滥用职权罪 违规分配 单位犯罪 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]