有组织犯罪中刑事特别没收的理论诠释及实践展开  

Theoretical Interpretation and Practical Development of Criminal Special Forfeiture in Organized Crime

作　　者：于嘉仪 YU Jiayi(Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《犯罪研究》2024年第6期39-49,共11页Chinese Criminology Review

基　　金：2022年度国家社科重点项目“以‘共建共治共享’为导向的刑事政策现代化研究”(项目编号:22AFX009)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：刑事制裁体系应当区分为针对犯罪人的制裁措施和针对涉案财物的制裁措施。刑事特别没收制度的功能在于确证和维护整体财产法秩序,在性质上应界定为独立于刑罚与保安处分之外的对物刑事实体处分措施。《反有组织犯罪法》中关于特别没收制度的规定,相对独立于《刑法》并且在有组织犯罪中优先适用。刑事特别没收以财物沾染不法为前提,对象包括犯罪所得之物、犯罪所用之物和违禁品三类。在犯罪所得的计算上,有组织犯罪领域的犯罪所得没收包括直接或者间接因犯罪而产生、获得的一切财物,并应当区分沾染不法的范围不同而区分处理。在犯罪所用之物的判断上,其范围扩张至针对第三人的没收,具体应当采取支配性标准加以判断。在违禁品没收的制度根据上,并不仅限于防御社会的目的,需要从确证和维护整体财产法秩序的角度出发准确界定其范围。The system of criminal sanctions should distinguish between sanctions against the offender and sanctions against the property involved.The function of the criminal special forfeiture is to confirm and maintain the overall legal order of property,and it should be defined as a measure of substantive criminal sanction against the property,independent from criminal penalties and security measures.The provisions on the special confiscation system in the Anti-Organized Crime Law are applied on a priority basis in the context of organized crime and are relatively independent of the criminal law.Criminal special forfeiture presupposes the contamination of property with unlawfulness,and is applied against proceeds of crime,things used for crime and contraband.With regard to the calculation of the proceeds of crime,the forfeiture of the proceeds of crime in the field of organized crime includes all property generated and acquired directly or indirectly as a result of the crime,and should be handled differently depending on the scope of the contamination with unlawfulness.When judging things used for crime,the scope extends to the forfeiture from third persons,which should be judged by the criterion of dominance.The theoretical basis for the forfeiture of contraband is not limited to the purpose of the defense of society,but requires a precise definition of its scope from the point of view of confirming and maintaining the overall property law order.

关 键 词：有组织犯罪 刑事特别没收 财产法秩序 对物刑事实体处分 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]