“养”“治”兼备:清代逐级审转复核制研究  

Combining'Nurture'and'Govern':A Study on the System of Graduated Review and Reassessment in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：杨潇 YANG Xiao

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2025年第1期68-77,共10页Journal Of CUPL

基　　金：教育部重大课题攻关项目“铸牢中华民族共同体意识法治保障研究”(23JZD026)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清代逐级审转复核制指州、县官府根据情节轻重,将徒罪以上案件自动逐级移送上级官府复核,直至有终局裁决权的层级。该制度以“养民”和“治官”为两大核心价值。在实践中,“养民”表现为准情慎法,而“治官”表现为秉公执法。但因各种原因,这一制度存在着规范和事实上的某种背离。它给予当代司法的价值或者凸显的现代意义在于,就“养民”而言,需要传承传统法律文化中的“明德慎罚”之精义,就“治官”而言,需要“宽严结合”。但无论何种价值的凸显,都需要本着“治”“养”兼备,方能行稳致远。During the Qing Dynasty,the system of graduated review and reassessment refers to the practice where local government at the prefecture and county levels systematically escalates cases involving punishments of penal servitude and above to the higher authorities for review in accordance with the severity of the circumstances.This process continued until an ultimate adjudicatory authority was reached.The system was underpinned by two core values,the nourishment of the populace and the governance of officials.In practice,the nourishment of the populace was expressed through a judicious consideration for the specifics of each case,while the governance of officials manifested in the impartial enforcement of laws.However,due to various reasons,there existed a divergence between the stipulated norms and their practical application.The contemporary legal significance of this system manifests,regarding the nourishment of the populace,the essence of enlightened virtue and cautious punishment from traditional legal culture,and in terms of the governance of officials,it shows a considered balance of leniency and strictness.Nevertheless,the emphasis on either principle necessitates a balanced approach to both nurture and govern to ensure enduring stability and sustained effectiveness.

关 键 词：清代 审转复核 养民 治官 价值 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]