多元理性:清代基层政府编外人员的行动自主性探究  

Pluralistic Rationality:An Exploration of the Autonomous Action of Extra-officials in Local Governments during Qing Dynasty in China

作　　者：余福海 YU Fuhai

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院中国社会科学评价研究院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2025年第1期78-93,共16页Journal Of CUPL

基　　金：中国社会科学院青启计划“晚清基层政府何以编外用人:理论分析与治理镜鉴”(编号:2025QQJH03)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：基层政府编外人员在基层治理中的角色是学界争鸣的热点议题。学界已有的认识主要是以下几种,一是“盈利型国家经纪”之说,二是“准官员”之说;三是“亚官僚”之说。基于清代基层治理的深度探究,可知清代基层政府编外人员在行政和经济理性之外,还具有一定社会理性。大量历史文献表明,儒家化的社会观念和社会结构对其行为具有一定的影响和塑造作用,突出表现为社会关系网络深刻塑造基层政府编外人员的行为,在清代基层政府编外人员的内部存在亲族关系、庇护关系和共同利益关系等关系类型。这在一定程度上催生了大量的非正式制度,而正式制度也为纷纭人情无形消解。The role of extra-officials in local governance is a hotly debated topic in academia community.The academia mainly considers extra-officials as the“profit-oriented state agent”,“quasi-official”or“sub-bureaucrat”.Based on an in-depth exploration of local governance during the Qing Dynasty,it can be seen that extra-officials in local governments of the Qing Dynasty had not only administrative and economic rationality but also a certain degree of social rationality.Historical documents indicate that Confucian social concepts and structures had a certain influence and shaping effect on their behavior,which is prominently reflected in the deep influence of social networks on the behavior of extra-officials in local governments.Within the extra-officials of local governments during Qing Dynasty in China,there existed kinship relationships,patronage relationships,and relationships of common interests,among other types.To a certain extent,this has led to the emergence of informal institutions,while formal institutions were also invisibly eroded by the complex social networks.

关 键 词：清代 编外人员 行政理性 经济理性 社会理性 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]