债权人撤销权制度中“转得人规则”设立问题研究  

Research on the Establishment of the“Transferee Rule”in the Creditor's Right of Revocation System

作　　者：刘滢 LIU Ying

机构地区：[1]河南省开封市中级人民法院民一庭

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2025年第1期170-185,共16页Journal Of CUPL

基　　金：河南省哲学社会科学规划项目“破产重整计划执行制度研究”(项目号2021CFX045);河南省法学会破产法学研究会课题“破产可撤销行为类型化研究”(项目号:2024HNBL04)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国债权人撤销权制度尚未规定“转得人规则”,在连环转让诈害行为的司法救济中,存在“另案主张权利”与“连环撤销”两种模式,类案异判突出。其中,“另案主张权利模式”存在高诉累、高难度、高风险、低效率等缺陷;而“连环撤销模式”通过适用共同诉讼、合并审理制度,以有限度突破合同相对性原则的方式对当事人进行救济,契合我国“一次性解决纠纷”的司法导向。因此,我国应设立“转得人规则”,并选取“连环撤销模式”。具体适用时:在诉讼程序层面,以最后一次连环转让诈害行为为界限,追加转得人为共同被告,一并审理;在司法审查标准层面,严格审查转得行为之可撤销性;在诉讼权利分配层面,赋予债权人以选择权,在诈害行为人中合理分配责任;在执行保障层面,及时审查脱逸财产权属并鼓励债权人申请诉讼保全。China’s creditor’s right of revocation system has not established a“transferee rule”.In judicial remedies for sequential fraudulent conveyance,two models exist:the model of“separate claims in different cases”and the model of“sequential revocation”,leading to inconsistent rulings in similar cases.The“separate claims model”suffers from high litigation costs,complexity,risk and inefficiency.In contrast,the“sequential revocation model”provides relief by applying the joint litigation and consolidated trial procedures,moderately overriding the principle of privity of contract,aligning with China’s judicial approach of“resolving disputes in one proceeding”.Thus,China should establish the“transferee rule”and adopt the“sequential revocation model”.In litigation procedures,take the final fraudulent conveyance in the series as the boundary,join transferees as co-defendants and conduct consolidated trials.In judicial review standards,rigorously review the revocability of the transfer acts.In allocation of litigation rights,grant creditors the right to choose and reasonably allocate liability among fraudulent actors.In enforcement guarantees,promptly examine the ownership of evaded assets and encourage creditors to apply for property preservation measures.

关 键 词：债权人撤销权制度 连环转让诈害行为 转得人规则 连环撤销模式 脱逸财产 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]