错层位卸压开采结构中矸石垫层缓冲作用机制  

Buffering mechanism of the gangue cushion in the staggered layer arrangement structure for pressure relief mining

作　　者：邓雪杰 杨述鑫 谢中辉 张金魁 王文兴 张俊文[1,3] 王斐 DENG Xuejie;YANG Shuxin;XIE Zhonghui;ZHANG Jinkui;WANG Wenxing;ZHANG Junwen;WANG Fei(School of Energy and Mining Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Shandong Energy Group Xibei Mining Co Ltd,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710018,China;Engineering Research Center of Green and Intelligent Mining for Thick Coal Seam,Ministry of Education,Beijing 100083,China;CHN Energy Shendong Coal Group Co Ltd Halagou Coal Mine,Shenmu,Shaanxi 719315,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)能源与矿业学院,北京100083 [2]山东能源集团西北矿业有限公司,陕西西安710018 [3]厚煤层绿色智能开采教育部工程研究中心,北京100083 [4]国家能源集团神东煤炭集团哈拉沟煤矿,陕西神木719315

出　　处：《采矿与安全工程学报》2025年第1期16-27,共12页Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52034009,52274149);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2024JCCXNY04,2023YQTD02);中国矿业大学(北京)博士研究生拔尖创新人才培育基金项目(BBJ2024013);山东能源科技计划重大项目(SNKJ2022A15)。

摘　　要：错层位布置是实现厚煤层卸压开采的有效措施,错层位结构中直接顶垮落形成的矸石垫层对覆岩移动破断产生的载荷具有一定缓冲作用。采用实验室试验与数值模拟相结合的研究方法,表征矸石垫层承压和缓冲性能,揭示颗粒粒径、垫层厚度等因素影响下矸石垫层的缓冲作用机制。研究结果表明:动载与静载作用下,矸石垫层的承压性能随着颗粒粒径的减小而增强,而动载作用下,矸石垫层的缓冲性能随着颗粒粒径增大而增强;矸石垫层的承压性能和缓冲性能均随着垫层厚度增加而增强,但垫层厚度对矸石垫层承压性能和缓冲性能提升的敏感性随厚度增加而降低;通过调控矸石垫层的粒径及厚度,可以实现对下位巷道变形的有效控制,适当增大矸石垫层颗粒粒径和垫层厚度,能够减小下位巷道受到动静载作用后的顶板下沉量。研究成果可为厚煤层卸压开采中矸石垫层的结构调控提供一定的理论支撑。Staggered layer arrangement is an effective measure to realize pressure relief mining of thick coal seams,and the gangue cushion formed by immediate roof collapse in staggered layer arrangement has a certain buffering effect on the load generated by overburden movement and breakage.In this study,the research methods of laboratory test and numerical simulation were combined to characterize the bearing and buffering capacities of a gangue cushion and reveal the buffering mechanism of the gangue cushion under the influences of particle size,cushion thickness,and other factors.The results show that:The bearing capacity of the gangue cushion strengthens with decrease of particle size under dynamic and static load,while its buffering capacity grows with the increase of particle size under dynamic load.As the cushion thickness increases,the bearing and buffering capacities of the gangue cushion are both enhanced,but the cushion thickness becomes less sensitive to the growth of bearing and buffering capacities.The deformation of the lower roadway can be effectively controlled by adjusting the particle size and thickness of the gangue cushion.The roof subsidence of the roadway under dynamic and static load can be reduced by properly raising the particle size and cushion thickness.The research results can provide certain theoretical support for structural control of gangue cushions in pressure relief mining of thick coal seams.

关 键 词：卸压开采 矸石垫层 承压性能 缓冲作用 

分 类 号：TD322[矿业工程—矿井建设]