高构造应力区顶板深孔爆破裂纹扩展机制与应用研究  

Crack extension mechanism of deep-hole blasting in the roof of high-tectonic-stress region and its application

作　　者：曹安业[1] 郝琪 崔玉江 黄书翔 彭雨杰 高振 高红兵 李东[3] 高峰[4] CAO Anye;HAO Qi;CUI Yujiang;HUANG Shuxiang;PENG Yujie;GAO Zhen;GAO Hongbing;LI Dong;GAO Feng(School of Mines,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China;Shandong Energy Group Xibei Mining Co Ltd,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710018,China;School of Mine Safety,North China Institute of Science and Technology,Langfang,Hebei 065201,China;State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学矿业工程学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]山东能源集团西北矿业有限公司,陕西西安710018 [3]华北科技学院矿山安全学院,河北廊坊065201 [4]中国矿业大学深地工程智能建造与健康运维全国重点实验室,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《采矿与安全工程学报》2025年第1期97-107,共11页Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52274098,U21A20110);山东能源科技计划重大项目(SNKJ2022A15);江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目(KYCX23_2798);中国矿业大学研究生创新计划项目(2023WLKXJ036);河北省高等学校科学技术研究青年基金项目(QN2023205)。

摘　　要：彬长矿区受高构造应力环境和上覆坚硬岩层影响,冲击风险显著,深孔预裂爆破是降低该区域冲击地压风险的有效手段。在高构造应力区开展深孔预裂爆破,其裂纹扩展形式尚不完全清楚。因此,采用LS-DYNA数值软件模拟分析了高构造应力环境、倾向与走向爆破孔倾角对爆破裂纹扩展的影响,基于模拟结果优化了现场爆破设计。结果表明:在最大水平主应力为主导的高构造应力条件下,裂纹扩展优势面总是沿着垂直于最小水平主应力方向的平面。水平应力差对爆破裂纹的扩展起到主导作用。增大水平应力差,爆破裂纹扩展的程度越高,且越利于爆破裂纹沿着炮孔所在平面扩展。不同的倾向爆破倾角下爆破裂纹扩展的差异性显著,而不同走向爆破倾角下裂纹扩展基本无变化。倾向爆破孔倾角大于75°时,爆破裂纹扩展程度高且裂纹扩展优势面沿着炮孔倾角所在平面。优化了现场爆破设计,现场试验后工作面大能量微震发生的次数与层位显著降低,波速异常系数峰值明显降低,爆破优化有效。The high-tectonic-stress environment and overlying hard rock layers of Binchang mine areapose considerable rock burst hazards to this mining area,and deep-hole pre-spitting blasting is an effective means to reduce rock burst hazards there.Nevertheless,the form of crack extension during the application of deep-hole pre-cracking blasting in the high-tectonic-stress region has not been clarified yet.Inview of this fact,how high-tectonic-stress environment and blasting hole inclination angles in the dip andstrike directions influence the results of blasting crack extension was simulated and analyzed with the aid of LS-DYNA numerical software.Based on the simulation results,the on-site blasting design was optimized.The following research results were obtained.Under high-tectonic-stress conditions dominated bythe maximum horizontal principal stress,cracks tend to extend along the plane perpendicular to the direction of the minimum horizontal principal stress.The horizontal stress difference plays a dominant role inblasting crack extension.Increasing the horizontal stress difference contributes to raising the degree ofblasting crack extension and is favorable for blasting crack extension along the plane where the blastinghole is located.Blasting crack extension differs significantly under different blasting inclination angles inthe dip direction,while it barely changes under different blasting inclination angles in the strikedirection.When the blasting inclination angle in the dip direction is greater than 75°,blasting cracks extend intensely along the plane where the blasting hole is located.On the basis of the above findings,onsite blasting design was designed.After the application of the optimized scheme,the number andposition of high-energy seismic events in the working face are both reduced remarkably,and the peakvalue of the wave velocity anomaly coefficient drops notably.That is,the optimized scheme proves to beeffective.

关 键 词：冲击地压 高构造应力 深孔预裂爆破 炮孔倾角 裂纹扩展 

分 类 号：TD325[矿业工程—矿井建设]