水稻品种与施肥对亚热带稻区产量和碳足迹的影响评估  

Evaluation of the impact of rice varieties and fertilization on yield and carbon footprint in a paddy rice region in subtropical China

作　　者：洪以群 王鑫[1] 王璨君 吴金水[2,3] 徐华勤[1] 秦红灵[2,3] HONG Yiqun;WANG Xin;WANG Canjun;WU Jinshui;XU Huaqin;QIN Hongling(College of Environment and Ecology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;Changsha Research Station for Agricultural&Environmental Monitoring,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学环境与生态学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [3]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所长沙农业环境观测研究站,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2024年第6期1091-1100,共10页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD190120302,2023YFD1900905)。

摘　　要：随着全球气候变化和农业生产方式的转型,降低农业生产中的碳排放,尤其是水稻生产的碳足迹,已成为推动可持续农业发展的关键。本研究旨在明确水稻品种与施肥对双季稻产量及碳足迹的影响。采用田间原位监测与室内分析相结合的方法,基于生命周期评价法(LCA)评估了不同施肥处理和水稻品种(T1:300 kg/hm^(2)氮肥+湘早籼45+玉针香;T2:300 kg/hm^(2)氮肥+10 t/hm^(2)有机肥+湘早籼45+玉针香;T3:300 kg/hm^(2)氮肥+湘早籼45+晶两优华占;T4:300 kg/hm^(2)氮肥+10 t/hm^(2)有机肥+湘早籼45+晶两优华占)对双季稻碳排放、碳增汇及产量的综合影响。研究结果表明,双季稻生产所导致的碳排放中,农资投入占主导地位(54.54%~57.47%),其中化肥和有机肥的投入分别占23.88%~28.63%和10.00%。农事操作占比为19.40%~23.07%,而直接碳排放占比为22.34%~24.89%。不同施肥处理下,双季稻固定的碳量为48.29~62.59 t/hm^(2),其中T4相比T1、T2和T3分别增加了29.61%、15.65%和17.10%,晚稻季采用“晶两优华占”品种+增施有机肥的处理对双季稻碳增汇贡献最大。早稻季增施有机肥对籽粒产量未产生显著影响,但晚稻季采用“晶两优华占”品种显著增加了水稻地上部和地下部干物质积累以及籽粒产量。综合考虑畜禽粪便处理、双季稻种植各环节的碳排放、碳增汇和籽粒产量,增施有机肥有助于降低双季稻的碳足迹,尤其以“晶两优华占”品种+增施有机肥的处理效果最佳。With global climate change and the transformation of agricultural production methods,reducing carbon emissions in agriculture,particularly the carbon footprint of rice production,has become essential for promoting sustainable agricultural development.This study aims to clarify the effects of rice varieties and fertilization practices on the yield and carbon footprint of double-cropping rice.Using an integrated approach combining in-situ ffeld monitoring and laboratory analysis,the Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)method was employed to evaluate the comprehensive impacts of different fertilization treatments and rice varieties(T1:300 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen fertilizer+Xiangzaoxian45+Yuzhenxiang;T2:300 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen fertilizer+10 t/hm^(2) organic fertilizer+Xiangzaoxian45+Yuzhenxiang;T3:300 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen fertilizer+Xiangzaoxian45+Jingliangyouhuazhan;T4:300 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen fertilizer+10 t/hm^(2) organic fertilizer+Xiangzaoxian45+Jingliangyouhuazhan)on carbon emissions,carbon sequestration,and grain yield.The results reveal that agricultural inputs dominate the carbon emissions of double-cropping rice production,contributing 54.54%to 57.47%of the total emissions,with chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer accounting for 23.88%to 28.63%and 10.00%,respectively.Agricultural operations account for 19.40%to 23.07%,while direct carbon emissions contribute 22.34%to 24.89%.Carbon sequestration by double-cropping rice ranges from 48.29 to 62.59 t/hm^(2), with T4 increasing carbon sequestration by 29.61%, 15.65%, and 17.10% compared to T1, T2, and T3, respectively. In the late rice season, the Jingliangyouhuazhan variety combined with organic fertilizer contributes the most to carbon sequestration. While the addition of organic fertilizer does not signiffcantly affect grain yield during the early rice season, it signiffcantly enhances dry matter accumulation and grain yield in the late rice season when using the Jingliangyouhuazhan variety. Considering livestock manure management, carbon emissions, carbon sequestration, a

关 键 词：有机肥 水稻品种 双季稻产量 生命周期评价法 碳足迹 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]