日本法解释学发展过程研究  

Research on the Development of Legal Hermeneutics in Japan

作　　者：卫洪光 Wei Hongguang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《日本学刊》2025年第1期127-148,151,共23页Japanese Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“习近平法治思想的原创性贡献及其理论阐释研究”(编号:22&ZD198)。

摘　　要：作为构成现代法学知识体系核心的方法论知识,法解释学起源于近代欧洲,以“舶来”的形式被引入中国、日本等后发的亚洲现代化国家,但在本土化发展过程中面临诸多困难。尤其在日本,在建构现代法学知识体系时,存在着与旧存的社会“惯习”以及与外部的现代科学知识的双重冲突。集中体现在近代以来日本法解释学的“继受”到“再生产”过程中,不仅要面对本土社会“惯习”对“外部”的他国法律话语体系支配社会的反抗,还要面对现代社会中发生的规范科学向社会科学的知识转向,这导致法解释学原本基于“逻辑—演绎”方法所构筑的“科学性”受到了怀疑。上述冲突引发了战后日本法学知识体系内部法学理论和宪法、民法等部门法领域围绕法解释学改造的一系列论争,法学家们试图通过对法解释学知识的重构巩固整个日本法学知识体系的完整性与独立性,同时部分性地开放法律系统中对外封闭的知识“再生产”过程。现今的日本法解释学作为整体性、一元化的知识体系已经在不同部门法领域走向了解体、分化,但日本建构法学知识体系发展所采用的渐进式策略值得借鉴。As a core methodological component of the legal knowledge system,legal hermeneutics originated in Europe but encountered significant challenges in its development within late-modernizing Asian countries such as Japan and China.In constructing a modern legal knowledge system,these nations often faced dual conflicts:first,the tension between inherited social customs and external modern scientific knowledge;second,the epistemological shift from normative science to social science in modern society.In Japan,the development of legal hermeneutics from "reception" to "reproduction" illustrates these conflicts.On the one hand,there was resistance from indigenous social and cultural traditions against the dominance of external legal discourses.On the other hand,the normative foundation of legal hermeneutics—based on the "logic-deduction" approach—was increasingly questioned due to the rise of social science perspectives in modern knowledge systems.These tensions culminated in postwar Japan in a series of debates within the legal academic community,focusing on reconstructing legal hermeneutics to address both theoretical and practical challenges in fields such as constitutional law and civil law.Japanese legal scholars sought to maintain the integrity and autonomy of the legal knowledge system while selectively opening the previously insular legal framework to external influences in knowledge reproduction.Today,Japan's once unified and holistic system of legal hermeneutics has fragmented and diversified across various branches of law.However,the incremental strategies employed by Japan in developing its legal knowledge system offer valuable lessons for other nations navigating similar challenges.

关 键 词：法学知识体系 法解释学 渐进式 本土性 科学性 

分 类 号：D931.3[政治法律—法学] D912.1