民国时期多语合璧官定历书的时间秩序构建  

Construction of Temporal Order through Multilingual Official Calendars in the Republic of China Era

作　　者：朱文哲 Zhu Wenzhe

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学马克思主义学院,510515

出　　处：《中国边疆史地研究》2024年第4期45-55,218,共12页China's Borderland History and Geography Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“民国时期官定历书研究”(15CZS038)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：官定历书作为构建时间秩序的工具,在近代国家运行中扮演着重要角色。辛亥革命不仅重构了官定历书的内容,也改变了官定历书的颁行方式。民国建立之后,政府在向蒙藏等地颁发历书时,既试图借鉴清代时宪书的颁行传统,又期望构建边疆与内地一体的标准时间体系,以维持时政有效运行。但以阳历为主要内容的官定历书与蒙藏等地多使用阴历的状况有巨大差异,加之其发行受到空间距离以及蒙藏等地使用多种文字的影响,汉与蒙古、汉与藏、汉与察合台文合璧历书编印发行成效并不显著。此种困境反映了民国时期全球标准时间扩展与中国传统时间体系的冲突和调试,以及地方时间与现代国家时间秩序构建的内在张力。Official calendars,as tools for establishing temporal order,played a vital role in the functioning of modern states.The 1911 Revolution not only redefined the content of official calendars but also changed the methods of their issuance.Following the establishment of the Republic of China,the government sought to distribute calendars to regions such as Mongol regions and Xizang,drawing from the traditions of the Qing Dynasty's Shixian Calendar(时宪书).At the same time,there was an effort to create a unified standard time system that would integrate border regions with inland areas,thereby facilitating effective governance.However,the official calendars,which were primarily based on the Gregorian calendar,significantly diverged from the traditional lunar calendars used in Mongol regions and Xizang.Furthermore,the distribution of these calendars encountered challenges due to geographical distances and the presence of multiple scripts in these regions.Consequently,the production and dissemination of multilingual calendars—which combined Chinese with Mongolian,Tibetan,and Chagatai—did not achieve significant success.This reflected the conflict and adjustment between the global standard time system and China's traditional timekeeping practices during the Republic of China era.It also highlighted the inherent tension between local time systems and the establishment of a modern national time order.

关 键 词：民国时期 官定历书 时间秩序 标准时间 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]