清代雍和宫金瓶掣签的实施与藏传佛教管理国家化  

Implementation of the Golden Urn Lottery System at Yonghe Temple and the Nationalization of Tibetan Buddhism Management in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：赵令志[1] Zhao Lingzhi

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学历史文化学院,100081

出　　处：《中国边疆史地研究》2024年第4期56-73,218,共19页China's Borderland History and Geography Studies

摘　　要：清代首次正式举行金瓶掣签仪式是在雍和宫,此次掣签形成的寻觅灵童、掣签仪轨、官员主导、奏准确定等过程,成为以后雍和宫、大昭寺金瓶掣签必须遵守的规章。驻京及蒙古地区、甘青地区的活佛转世必须于雍和宫掣定,不但减轻了各地信众的经济负担,也彻底解决了这些地区活佛转世由西藏高僧把控的问题。其对促进藏传佛教在蒙古地区的发展,稳定社会局势,安定北部边疆起到了重要作用。清政府各级官员主导金瓶掣签,实际上已将活佛转世纳入国家的管理范围,进一步加强了对藏传佛教的管理,同时对促进中华民族交往交流交融产生了重要影响。The first official Golden Urn Lottery ceremony during the Qing Dynasty was held at Yonghe Temple.The processes established during this lottery,including the search for the reincarnated lama,the lottery ritual,official oversight,and the approval process,became the regulations governing subsequent Golden Urn Lotteries at both Yonghe Temple and Jokhang Temple.The reincarnation of lamas in Beijing and Mongol regions,as well as in the Gansu and Qinghai areas,had to be determined at Yonghe Temple.This not only reduced the economic burden on local devotees but also resolved the issue of Tibetan monks controlling the reincarnation process in these regions.This system played a significant role in promoting the development of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongol regions,stabilizing social conditions,and securing the northern borders.The involvement of Qing government officials at various levels in the Golden Urn Lottery effectively brought the reincarnation of lamas under state management,further strengthening the oversight of Tibetan Buddhism and significantly influencing the interactions and integration of the Chinese ethnic groups.

关 键 词：清代 雍和宫 金瓶掣签 活佛转世 

分 类 号：B94[哲学宗教—宗教学]