某市地铁冷却塔水中嗜肺军团菌污染情况及其影响因素  

Contamination of Legionella pneumophila in metro cooling tower water and its influencing factors in a city

作　　者：彭荣 石斌[1] 王怀记[1] 刘俊玲[1] 王芳[1] PENG Rong;SHI Bin;WANG Huaiji;LIU Junling;WANG Fang(Wuhan Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Wuhan,Hubei 430024,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉市疾病预防控制中心,湖北武汉430024

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2024年第12期1414-1421,共8页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：湖北省卫健委预防专项重大项目(WJ2019H303);湖北省卫健委面上项目(WJ2023M144);武汉地铁集团有限公司科研项目(GS-JZ-1164)。

摘　　要：[背景]各地地铁冷却塔水嗜肺军团菌污染检出率较高,然而目前调查其污染变化趋势、分析其影响因素的研究仍然有限。[目的]了解某城市地铁冷却塔水中嗜肺军团菌污染情况,并分析冷却塔水嗜肺军团菌污染的影响因素,为防控地铁冷却塔水嗜肺军团菌污染提供依据。[方法]根据某城市地铁各线路运营年限,将各线路分为3组(>10年、>5~10年和≤5年),并从每组中随机选取1条线路,于地铁冷却塔运行初期、中期和末期采集3条线路共58个冷却塔冷却水,开展嗜肺军团菌及水质状况相关指标检测,同时通过现场勘查和问卷调查获取各地铁站冷却塔环境和卫生管理措施相关信息。采用广义混合线性模型分析冷却水中嗜肺军团菌污染的影响因素。[结果]冷却塔运行初期、中期和末期冷却水嗜肺军团菌的检出率分别为25.9%、77.6%和81.0%,运行中期和末期的检出率高于初期(P<0.001)。广义混合线性回归分析结果显示,溶解性总固体和电导率与嗜肺军团菌检出呈正相关,自然对数转换后的溶解性总固体和电导率每增加一个单位,OR(95%CI)分别为3.73(1.19~11.69)和3.62(1.07~12.25);硝酸盐、硫酸盐和游离余氯与嗜肺军团菌检出呈负相关,自然对数转换后的硝酸盐和硫酸盐每增加一个单位,其OR(95%CI)分别为0.52(0.34~0.80)和0.54(0.36~0.81);与游离余氯为0~0.04 mg·L^(-1)组相比,0.05~0.30 mg·L^(-1)组和≥0.31 mg·L^(-1)组的OR(95%CI)分别为0.22(0.07~0.74)和0.01(0.01~0.19)。硝酸盐、硫酸盐和游离余氯与嗜肺军团菌浓度降低相关联,随着自然对数转换的硝酸盐和硫酸盐逐渐增加,嗜肺军团菌浓度降低[β(95%CI)分别为-1.17(-1.59~-0.74)和-1.11(-1.63~-0.58)];与游离余氯为0~0.04 mg·L^(-1)组相比,≥0.31 mg·L^(-1)组的β(95%CI)为-5.66(-9.45~-1.87)。[结论]某城市地铁冷却塔嗜肺军团菌污染较为严重,且随冷却塔年度内运行时间增加,污染进一步加重。溶[Background]The detection rates of Legionella pneumophila in metro cooling tower water in various cities are relatively high,while studies investigating the trends of Legionella pneumophila pollution and analyzing its influencing factors are still limited.[Objective]To investigate the status of Legionella pneumophila contamination in the water of metro cooling towers in a city,to analyze its influencing factors,and to provide a basis for preventing and controlling Legionella pneumophila contamination in metro cooling tower water.[Methods]After categorizing the metro lines into three groups(>10 years,>5-10 years,and≤5 years)according to the operating years of each metro line in a city,we randomly selected one line from each group and the selection resulted a total of 58 cooling towers.We collected water samples from the cooling towers during the early,middle,and late stages of cooling tower operation to detect Legionella pneumophila and water quality related indicators.Information on the environment and hygiene management measures of the cooling towers was obtained through on-site investigation and questionnairesurvey. Generalized mixed linear models were used to analyze the influencing factors of Legionella pneumophila contamination in coolingtower water.[Results] The detection rates of Legionella pneumophila in the early, middle, and late stages of cooling tower operation were 25.9%,77.6%, and 81.0%, respectively. The detection rates in the middle and late stages of operation were significantly higher than that in theearly stage (P < 0.001). The results of generalized mixed linear regression showed that the total dissolved solids and conductivity werepositively associated with positive Legionella pneumophila. For each unit increase in ln-transformed total dissolved solids and conductivity,their ORs (95%CIs) were 3.73 (1.19, 11.69) and 3.62 (1.07, 12.25), respectively. Nitrates, sulfates, and free residual chlorine were negativelyassociated with positive Legionella pneumophila. For each unit increase in ln-tran

关 键 词：地铁 冷却塔 嗜肺军团菌 影响因素 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]