数据产权登记的基本问题研究  

Research on the Basic Issues of Data Property Rights Registration

作　　者：孙莹 Sun Ying

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学民商法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2025年第1期150-169,共20页China Legal Science

基　　金：2023年度国家社科基金一般项目“企业数据确权和流转中的登记问题研究”(项目批准号:23BFX075);2024年度研究阐释党的二十届三中全会精神国家社科基金重大项目“数据产权归属认定、市场交易、权益分配、利益保护四位一体的制度构建研究”(项目批准号:24ZDA025)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：数据登记是数据产权制度体系建设中的关键环节。数据知识产权登记与数据产权登记在内核上其实是殊途同归,基于对法秩序统一性的维护,将数据登记制度统一命名为数据产权登记制度更为合适。应建立“专职登记机关—数据交易所”二元登记机构,并采取“登记机构形式审查—第三方机构实质审查”的二元审查模式。在效力模式的选择上,登记对抗主义将自愿原则之精髓贯彻始终,更为符合数据的价值实现规律。数据产权变动中存在两种法律事实协同发挥作用,其中数据交付具备生成效力,而推定效力、对抗效力、公信效力等与公示紧密相关的效力只有在完成数据登记后才能发生。数据产权登记的对抗效力需借助不完全权利变动理论进行周全解释。数据善意取得构成要件的认定应更为严格,制度效力宜从法定失权改造为强制授权。Data registration is a crucial link in the construction of the data property rights system.In essence,the registration of data intellectual property rights and that of data property rights lead to the same end through different means.Based on the maintenance of the unity of legal order,it is more appropriate to uniformly name the data registration system as the data property rights registration system.It is necessary to establish a dual registration institution of‘specialized registration authority-data exchange’,and adopt a dual review model of‘formal review by the registration institution-substantive review by a third-party institution’.In terms of the choice of the validity mode,the registration antagonism consistently implements the essence of the principle of voluntariness,which is more in line with the law of value realization of data.Two kinds of legal facts play a synergistic role in the change of data property rights,among which data delivery has the generative effect,while effects closely related to publicity such as the presumption effect,antagonistic effect,and public trust effect can only occur after the completion of data registration.The antagonistic effect of data property rights registration needs to be comprehensively explained through the theory of incomplete right change.The determination of the constitutive elements of bona fide acquisition of data should be more stringent,and the institutional effect should be transformed from legal loss of rights to mandatory authorization.

关 键 词：数据确权 数据流转 数据登记 数据交付 数据善意取得 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学]