论刑事案件不法原因给付财产的没收  

On the Confiscation of Property Paid for Illegal Reasons in Criminal Cases

作　　者：吴光升 Wu Guangsheng

机构地区：[1]温州大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2025年第1期245-264,共20页China Legal Science

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金一般项目“刑事诉讼中案外人的财产权保障研究”(项目批准号:20BFX090)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国民、行、刑立法协调性的不足导致法院在很多刑事案件中没收不法原因给付财产时面临法律依据不足的困境,不同法院在处理不法原因给付财产时做法不一、理由各异。在无法律否定给付人合法权益时,不法原因给付财产没收具有双重属性,既是对犯罪行为人违法所得的追缴,又是对给付人返还请求权优先性的排除。其正当性来源于两个方面:对于犯罪行为人来说是任何人不得从不法行为获得利益的矫正衡平理论,对于给付人来说是财产权滥用失权理论。不法原因给付财产没收条件具有双重符合性:不仅要符合违法所得没收的条件,还要符合排除给付人返还请求权优先性的条件。不法原因给付财产没收具有制裁性,其适用应遵循比例原则。为防止严重滥用财产权的行为,在不法原因给付行为具有犯罪预备性质时,犯罪行为人事后返还给付人的不法原因给付财产也应加以没收。The lack of coordination among civil,administrative and criminal legislation has led to the dilemma of insufficient legal basis for courts to confiscate the property paid for illegal reasons in many criminal cases.Different courts have different practices in dealing with the property paid for illegal reasons,with different reasons.When there is no law denying the legitimate rights and interests of the payer,the confiscation of property paid for illegal reasons has a dual attribute,which is not only the recovery of the illegal proceeds of the perpetrator of the crime,but also the exclusion of the priority of the payer's right to request for the return of property paid for illegal reasons.The justification of such confiscation is derived from two aspects:for the perpetrator of the crime,the equitable theory of redress that no one shall profit from the wrongful act,and for the payer,the theory of abusive disfranchisement of property right.The conditions of the confiscation of property paid for illegal reasons have dual compliance:not only meeting the conditions for the confiscation of the illegal proceeds,but also meeting the conditions for the exclusion of the priority of the payer's right to request for the return of property paid for illegal reasons.The confiscation of property paid for illegal reasons has a punitive effect and should follow the principle of proportionality.In order to prevent serious abuse of property rights,the property paid for illegal reasons that is subsequently returned by the perpetrator of the crime to the payer shall also be confiscated when the act of payment for illegal reasons is preparatory to the commission of a crime.

关 键 词：不法原因给付财产 违法所得 给付人 返还请求权 没收 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学] D923[政治法律—法学] D924