高句丽王城的变迁  

The Changes of Gaogouli Capital Cities

作　　者：赵俊杰 高晗 ZHAO Jun-jie;Gao Han

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院,北京100081 [2]吉林大学考古学院,吉林长春130015

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期5-25,共21页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金专项项目“高句丽文化形成、发展及其与周边文化关系研究”(17VGB015)。

摘　　要：高句丽王城问题是高句丽历史与考古研究的核心课题。从石材加工技术与城墙砌筑方式的视角来看,高句丽筑城的发端当不早于4世纪中叶集安国内城与丸都山城的规划与修建。东汉中期以前,高句丽社会形态还处于部落联盟阶段,尚不具备修建城的能力,故桓仁五女山城现存墙体筑造的时间应该不早于6世纪,而汉代城址与高句丽遗存分布的明显区隔也否定了其利用汉城作为平地王城的可能性。427年高句丽迁都平壤后,一度继承了集安时期山城与平地城相结合的王城营建理念,以平壤大城山城与青岩里土城因袭之。586年所迁长安城宫城、皇城与郭城已有明显区分,郭城内里坊严整,设计理念高度借鉴邺南城,完成了从王城到王都的转变。安鹤宫,以往被视作与大城山城配套的平地城或高句丽王别居之“宅”,始建年代不早于高句丽末,可能有较长时间的沿用与改扩建,将其作为效仿隋唐都城外围设置的“离宫”也许更为合适。总体而言,高句丽政治中心经历了邑—城—都的发展过程,7世纪的高句丽平壤都城已然成为中古东亚“都城时代”的重要区域范例。The issue of the Gaogouli capital cities is a core topic in the study of Gaogouli history and archaeology.From the perspective of stone processing techniques and wall construction methods,the origins of Gaogouli’s city-building can be traced no earlier than the mid-4th century,with the planning and construction of the capital city in GuoNei city and the Wandu Mountain city.Before the mid-Eastern Han Dynasty,Gaogouli’s social structure was still in the stage of a tribal confederation and lacked the capacity to establish urban settlements.The existing walls of the Wunv Mountain city in Huanren were built no earlier than the 6th century,and the clear geographical separation between the Han Dynasty urban sites and Gaogouli’s archaeological remains rules out the possibility of utilizing Han cities as flatland royal capitals for Gaogouli.After Gaogouli moved its capital to Pyeongyang in 427,it initially inherited the city-building concept of combining mountain fortresses and flatland cities from the Jian period.This approach was exemplified by the Pyeongyang Daeseong Mountain fortress and the Cheongyeon-ri earthen city.In 586,the relocation to Changan marked a clear distinction between the Imperial Palace,imperial city,and outer city,with the Lifang system of the outer city being organized in a highly structured manner.The design of the outer city was heavily influenced by the Southern Ye,completing the transformation from a royal city to a royal capital.The Anhe Palace,which was previously seen as a flat city or royal residence associated with the Daeseong Mountain fortress,was likely built no earlier than the late Gaogouli period.It may have undergone long-term use and expansion,and it might be more appropriate to regard it as a“palace”modeled on the outer palace structures of the Sui and Tang Dynasties capital cities.Overall,Gaogouli’s political center underwent a developmental process from settlement to city to capital.By the 7th century,the capital city of Pyeongyang had become an important regional ex

关 键 词：高句丽 中心邑落 筑城技术 复合式王城 中原式都城 

分 类 号：K312.31[历史地理—历史学]