生成式人工智能对我国服务业就业影响研究  

Research on the Effect of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Employment in Service Industry

作　　者：孔祥利[1] 莫正晖 KONG Xiang-li;MO Zheng-hui

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学国际商学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期102-114,共13页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目“生成式人工智能赋能新质生产力研究”(24YJA710020)。

摘　　要：生成式人工智能的技术特质表现为智能创造、交互适应、跨模态融合、创新识别等,对服务业就业市场带来劳动力成本和劳动技能的变化、产生劳动方式与劳动结构的变化、造成就业市场的“极化”现象与网络效应。生成式人工智能影响服务业的就业效应,从数量、结构、形态和质量4个维度呈现出有利于就业的创造效应、协作效应与平台化效应,同时也存在不利于就业的替代效应、转移效应与结构效应。结合新质生产力发展要求和就业优先战略实施,可以采取以下对策措施:一是推动生成式人工智能的跨界与融合发展,提升服务业的就业创造能力;二是应对生成式人工智能对传统服务业就业的冲击,提高从业者的岗位匹配度;三是加强人机协作以提升劳动力市场的适应性,构建新型劳动协作关系;四是加强生成式人工智能应用的监管力度,确保就业市场的健康有序发展。The technological characteristics of generative Artificial Intelligence are manifested in intelligent creation,interactive adaptation,cross-modal fusion,innovation recognition,etc.,which bring about changes in labor cost and labor skills,changes in labor mode and labor structure,and the phenomenon of“polarization”of the employment market and network effect to the employment market of the service industry.The employment effect of generative AI affecting the service industry,in terms of quantity,structure,form and quality,shows the creation effect,collaboration effect and platformization effect which are conducive to employment,and at the same time,there are substitution effect,transfer effect and structural effect which are not conducive to employment.Combined with the development requirements of the new quality productive forces and the implementation of the employment priority strategy,the following countermeasures can be taken:First,promoting the cross-border and integrated development of generative AI to enhance the employment creation capacity of the service industry;Second,easing the impact of generative AI on the employment of the traditional service industry,and improve the degree of matching of jobs for practitioners;Third,strengthening the collaboration between man and machine to enhance the adaptability of the labor market and build a new type of collaborative labor relations;Fourth,strengthening the supervision of generative AI applications to ensure the healthy and orderly development of the employment market.

关 键 词：生成式人工智能 服务业 就业需求 高质量发展 跨界融合 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济]