碲处理对20MnCrS5齿轮钢耐磨性及夹杂物变形的影响  

Effect of tellurium treatment on wear resistance and inclusions deformation of 20MnCrS5 gear steel

作　　者：王明月 白云 刘威[1] 杨树峰[1] 孙烨 王锦 李京社[1] WANG Mingyue;BAI Yun;LIU Wei;YANG Shufeng;SUN Ye;WANG Jin;LI Jingshe(School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Jiangyin Xingcheng Special Steel Works Co.,Ltd,Wuxi 214400,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院,北京100083 [2]兴澄特种钢铁有限公司,江苏无锡214400

出　　处：《钢铁》2025年第2期128-140,共13页Iron and Steel

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52374320)。

摘　　要：齿轮钢作为应用广泛的一类钢种,需要被加工成复杂的形状,且在工作中需要承受较大的摩擦力,所以要求其具有优异的切削性能以及耐磨性能等,钢中硫化物夹杂是两者协同控制的关键因素,而碲的添加可以起到改性钢中硫化物的作用。为此,通过扫描电镜、夹杂物自动分析、夹杂物纳米压痕及干摩擦试验探究了碲添加对20MnCrS5齿轮钢耐磨特性与夹杂物物性特征影响。结果表明,碲添加使得20MnCrS5钢中长条状及链状夹杂物的数量减少以及夹杂物的整体数密度降低,且硫化物的形貌趋于球化。当钢中碲质量分数为0.053%时,夹杂物长宽比由不加碲时的2.302降低到1.720。结合热力学计算表明,其主要得益于碲添加导致的硫化物析出特性转变。针对夹杂物自身的纳米压痕试验表明,钢中添加碲元素可以提高硫化物夹杂的硬度,经过碲改性后MnS夹杂物的硬度由不加碲时的7.82 GPa提升到9.42 GPa。轧制变形过程中的硫化物夹杂变形量统计结果表明,其变形率至多可由16.6%降为3.8%。同时,干摩擦试验表明,碲处理通过改性钢中夹杂物、提高硫化物和基体的硬度,使得20MnCrS5齿轮钢磨损率及摩擦因数降低,耐磨性得到了增强。阐释了夹杂物-钢基体在变形、摩擦过程中的影响,为未来含碲特种钢的进一步开发和优化提供相应的参考。As a widely used type of steel,gear steel needs to be processed into complex shapes and withstand high friction during operation.Therefore,it is required to have excellent cutting performance and wear resistance.Sulfide inclusions in steel are a key factor in the coordinated control of the two,and the addition of tellurium can act as a modifier for sulfides in steel.Therefore,the effect of tellurium addition on the wear resistance and inclusion properties of 20MnCrS5 gear steel was explored through scanning electron microscopy,automatic analysis of inclusions,nanoindentation of inclusions,and dry friction experiments.The results show that tellurium addition leads to a reduction in the number of elongated and chain inclusions as well as the overall number density of inclusions in 20MnCrS5steel,and the morphology of sulfides tends to be spherical.When the mass fraction of Te in the steel is 0.053%,the aspect ratio of inclusions decreases from 2.302 without Te to 1.720.Combined with thermodynamic calculations,it is shown that it is mainly due to the transformation of sulfide precipitation characteristics caused by Te addition.The nanoindentation experiment on the inclusions shows that adding Te to steel can improve the hardness of sulfide inclusions.After Te modification,the hardness of MnS inclusions increases from 7.82 GPa without Te to 9.42 GPa.And the statistical results of the deformation amount of sulfide inclusions during the rolling deformation process show that deformation rate can be reduced from 16.6%to up to 3.8%.At the same time,dry friction experiments show that the Te treatment enhances wear resistance by modifying inclusions in the steel and increasing the hardness of the sulfide and matrix,as well as reducing the wear rate and coefficient of friction of 20MnCrS5 gear steel.The influence of inclusions steel matrix on deformation and friction processes is explaind,providing corresponding references for the further development and optimization of Te containing special steels in the future.

关 键 词：齿轮钢 碲处理 非金属夹杂物 纳米压痕 摩擦磨损 轧制变形 耐磨特性 

分 类 号：TG142.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]