“双碳”背景下废钢行业碳排放核算及分析  

Carbon emission accounting and analysis of scrap steel industry in context of"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality"

作　　者：陶炜 李勇 刘云飞 邹海历 康迎迎 冯鹤云 童莉葛 TAO Wei;LI Yong;LIU Yunfei;ZOU Haili;KANG Yingying;FENG Heyun;TONG Lige(Ouveel Lianjin Recycling Resources Co.,Ltd.,Maanshan 200082,Anhui,China;School of Energy and Environmental Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]欧冶链金再生资源有限公司,安徽马鞍山200082 [2]北京科技大学能源与环境工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《钢铁》2025年第2期161-173,共13页Iron and Steel

摘　　要：在“双碳”目标的推动下,废钢凭借其绿色低碳特性,在全球钢铁产业中的地位日益凸显。提升废钢的循环利用水平,已成为钢铁产业转型升级的关键策略。然而,目前研究多集中于废钢使用对钢铁工业减排的贡献,但对废钢产业的自身发展态势及其生产过程中碳排放问题的研究尚显不足。采用“排放因子法”定量分析了废钢回收加工过程的碳排放水平,综合考虑能源效率、成本效益及环境影响(尤其是碳排放)3方面因素,建立了以企业利润最大化为目标的废钢回收加工过程优化模型,分析了废钢市场价格、碳交易价格、设备能耗和可再生能源应用对企业利润和碳排放量的影响。结果表明,将碳排放指标纳入生产规划时,碳排放量可降低12.23%。随着全国碳交易市场体系的快速建设,废钢企业可通过出售碳排放限额指标来增加利润,而钢铁企业则需要购买额外指标,其中采用短流程炼钢的企业碳交易成本可比长流程企业降低55.6%;增加光伏发电比例可实现较佳碳减排效果,当光伏发电比例增至71.3%时,与当前方案相比可减少碳排放量51.51%,并降低外购电费63.2%。由于废钢企业毛料收购成本占总成本的70%以上,所以市场价格波动对企业利润的影响远大于能耗成本或碳排放收益的增减。当废钢的收购和出售价格同步上升时,废钢企业利润将随着废钢收购价格的增长而增加。研究旨在为废钢企业在“双碳”背景下优化生产计划提供指导,以实现经济效益与环境效益的双赢。Under the"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality"target,scrap steel is becoming more and more important in the global steel industry due to its green and low-carbon characteristics.Enhancing the recycling level of scrap steel has become a key strategy for the transformation and upgrading of the steel industry.Currently,most research is focused on the contribution of using scrap steel to reduce emissions in the steel industry.However,there is still a lack of research on the development trends of the scrap steel industry and the carbon emissions in its production process.Based on the"emission-factor approach",the carbon emission level of scrap recycling process was quantitatively analyzed.Considering the three factors of energy efficiency,cost-effectiveness and environmental impact(especially carbon emissions),the optimization model of scrap steel recycling process aiming at maximizing enterprise profit was established.The impact of scrap steel market prices,carbon trading prices,equipment energy consumption,and renewable energy applications on enterprise profits and carbon emissions was analyzed.The results of the study show that when carbon emissions are taken into account in production planning,the carbon emissions of scrap steel enterprises are reduced by 12.23%.At the same time,with the rapid construction of the national carbon market system,scrap steel enterprises can increase profits by selling excess carbon allowance indicators.While steel enterprises need to purchase extra carbon indicators,in which enterprises using short-process steelmaking reduce carbon trading costs by 55.6%compared with long-process enterprises.The increase in the proportion of photovoltaic power generation can achieve better carbon emission reduction effect.When the proportion of photovoltaic power generation is increased to 71.3%,carbon emissions can be reduced by 51.51%and the cost of purchased electricity can be reduced by 63.2%compared with the current scheme.Since the cost of purchasing raw scarp steel accounts for more than 70%of

关 键 词：废钢加工 企业利润 碳排放量 优化模型 生产决策 “双碳”目标 绿色低碳 碳交易 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F426.31[经济管理—产业经济]