现代大学形成时期新人文主义与功利主义的博弈  

The Game between New Humanism and Utilitarianism in the Formation of Modern Universities

作　　者：贺国庆[1] HE Guo-qing(College of Teacher Education,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学教师教育学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《高等教育研究》2024年第7期82-88,共7页Journal of Higher Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(教育学)一般项目(BOA200046)

摘　　要：18世纪后期到19世纪初是现代大学酝酿形成时期,始于中世纪的传统大学因过时的知识体系、学生道德败坏等弊端陷入生死存亡的境地。源自启蒙运动的功利主义与融合德国古典哲学、早期浪漫主义等思想的新人文主义先后作用于大学改革,前者倡导实用教育观,主张大学旨在培养公务员、牧师和医生,政府要强化对大学的控制;后者主张大学应培养个性充分发展、有教养的人,坚持学术自由和大学自治,强调研究的价值和传授纯粹知识。在改革实践中,新人文主义和功利主义因观点迥异常针锋相对,当然也有妥协,最终二者均对大学产生了积极影响,尤其是新人文主义大学理念成为现代大学的重要原则,影响世界多国。Modern universities were being conceived and formed from the late 18th century to the early 19th century,when traditional universities were at its last gasp.Utilitarianism and new humanism were successively committed to university reform.Utilitarianism advocates a practical view of education,claiming that universities aim to train civil servants,priests and doctors;and that the government should strengthen its control over universities.While new humanism advocates that universities should cultivate well-educated people with fully developed personalities,adhere to academic freedom and university autonomy,and emphasize the value of research and the impartment of pure knowledge.In the practice of reform,they are often tit for tat;as well,there are times of compromise.In particular,the idea of new humanism has become an important principle of modern universities.

关 键 词：新人文主义 功利主义 大学观 

分 类 号：G649.1[文化科学—高等教育学]