基于MaxEtn模型的新疆地区草原革蜱适生区分布预测及其生活周期  

MaxEnt moder-based prediction of suitable area distribution and observation of life cycle of Dermacentor nuttallii in Xinjiang region of China

作　　者：刘燕 师光鑫 何文文 伍军 颜成旭 金敏 呼尔查[1] 郭庆勇[1] 巴音查汗·盖力克 LIU Yan;SHI Guangxin;HE Wenwen;WU Jun;YAN Chengxu;JIN Min;HU Ercha;GUO Qingyong;GAILIKE Bayinchahan(College of Veterinary Medicine,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumuqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Center of Animal Disease Control,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物医学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆动物卫生监督所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2024年第11期2424-2434,共11页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅国际合作专项资助项目(2021E01001)

摘　　要：为预测草原革蜱在新疆地区的分布点和适生区情况及了解其实验室条件下生活周期史,本研究使用最大熵(maximum entropy modeling, MaxEnt)模型对草原革蜱在新疆地区的地理分布以及适应区进行预测,并使用刀切法(jackknife test)及环境变量响应曲线评估影响草原革蜱分布的环境因子。根据预测的地点随机采集革蜱样本,利用形态学特征及分子生物学相结合方法鉴定革蜱种类。以新西兰大白兔为唯一供血动物,在实验室自然光照条件下采用耳套饲养法进行人工饲养,观察记录该蜱的生活史周期及生物学特性。使用刀切法检验及SPSS分析结果显示,影响草原革蜱适生区分布的主要环境变量因子为平均温度(Bio1)、均气温日较差(Bio2)、温度季节性变化(Bio4)、最干旱月降水量(Bio14)、降水量变异系数(Bio15)、最冷季度降水量(Bio19)。主要环境变量因子响应曲线结果显示,草原革蜱在Bio1为15.58℃、Bio2为6.19℃、Bio4的变异系数为1 500、Bio14为20 mm、Bio15的变异系数为23.799、Bio19为69 mm时存在概率最大。适生区预测结果显示,新疆草原革蜱适生区为准噶尔盆地、天山山脉及山间谷地、阿尔泰山、吐鲁番盆地、以及天山山脉以南部分地区,占新疆总面积的50.99%。根据MaxEnt模型预测地区采集革蜱,通过形态学结合分子生物学方法鉴定为草原革蜱;幼蜱饱血期为5.31 d,蜕化期为8.19 d,蜕化率达到95.5%;若蜱饱血期为8.65 d,蜕化期为12.86 d,蜕化率达到98%;成蜱饱血期为6.75 d,饱血雌蜱产卵前期为5.86 d,饱血雌蜱产卵期为12.5 d;蜱卵经25.92 d孵化为幼蜱,孵化率达到90%;草原革蜱在实验室条件下完成一个生活史需62~10 d,平均需86.0 d。所构建的MaxEnt模型具有较高的预测精度和准确性,根据主要环境因子变量分析,降水量和温度是影响草原革蜱的主要环境因子。本试验研究为新疆优势蜱种-草原革蜱的危害评估、建�To predict the distribution and habitat of Dermacentor nuttallii in Xinjiang and to understand its life cycle history.In this study,Maximum Entropy Modeling(MaxEnt)was used to predict the geographical distribution and adaptation area of Dermacentor nuttallii in Xinjiang,and jackknife test and response curve of environmental variables were used to evaluate the environmental factors affecting the distribution of Dermacentor nuttallii.Dermacentor samples were collected randomly based on predicted sites.The species of Dermacentor was identified by the combination of morphological characteristics and molecular biology.The New Zealand white rabbit was the only blood donor,and the life cycle and biological characteristics of the tick were observed and recorded by the method of earmuffs feeding under natural light in the laboratory.The jackknife test and SPSS analysis results showed that the main environmental variables affecting the distribution of suitable areas of Dermacentor nuttallii were average temperature(Biol),average daily temperature range(Bio2),seasonal temperature change(Bio4),driest month precipitation(Bio14),precipitation variation coefficienl(Bio 15),The response curves of major environmental variables showed that Dermacentor nuttallii had the highest presence probability when Biol was 15.58℃,Bio2 was6.19℃,Bio4 had a coefficient of variation of 1500,Biol4 had a coefficient of variation of 20 mm,Biol5 had a coefficient of variation of 23.799 and Biol9 was 69 mm.The prediction results showed that the suitable areas of Dermacentor nuttallii in Xinjiang were Tianshan Mountain range in Junggar Basin,Turpan basin in Altai Mountain valley and some areas south of Tianshan Mountain range,accounting for 50.99%of the total area of Xinjiang.Dermacentor were collected from the predicted area according to MaxEnt model and identified as Dermacentor nuttallii by morphological and molecular biological methods.The full blood stage was 5.31 d,the degeneration stage was8.19 d,and the degeneration rate reached 95.5%.If th

关 键 词：草原革蜱 MAXENT 环境变量 适生区 生活周期 

分 类 号：S855.9[农业科学—临床兽医学]