罗明坚与第一份汉语罗马注音方案  

Michele Ruggieri and the First Chinese-Roman Phonetic Alphabet Scheme

作　　者：陈恩维[1] 徐茹钰 Chen Enwei;Xu Ruyu(Guangdong University of Foreign Studies)

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学中国语言文化学院

出　　处：《励耘语言学刊》2023年第2期126-147,共22页

摘　　要：长期以来,学界普遍将利玛窦的《西字奇迹》看作汉语拼音方案的肇端,但事实上罗明坚才是第一份汉语罗马注音方案的创制者。其编纂的《葡汉辞典》中的汉语罗马注音方案,基于中国传统韵书《中原音韵》和十六世纪意大利语、葡萄牙语正字法和拉丁语拼法,但没有标注声调,声韵母也不稳定。其1581年所编《千字文》拉丁译本中的注音音系对声韵标注进行了优化,并且开始探索音调的区分与标注。1585年编写的注音体《宾主问答私拟》记录拟写汉语口语,更多考虑南方官话的实际发音情况,因而变体、省略较多,且将a、o、u、e元音结尾的入声字特殊标注出。其在1584—1588年间完成的《诗韵》,服务于诗歌写作,因遵循格律、声调的需要而用“ˉ^ˋˊ”标注阴平、阳平、上声和去声,最终形成了完整的汉语罗马注音方案。For a long time,Matteo Ricci’s Xizi qiji has been widely regarded by the academic community as the beginning of the Chinese phonetic alphabet.In fact,Michele Ruggieri was the creator of the first Chinese-Roman phonetic alphabet scheme.The Chinese and Roman phonetic notation scheme in the Portuguese Chinese Dictionary compiled by him was based on the traditional Chinese rhyme book Phonology of the Central Plains and the Italian orthography,Portuguese orthography and Latin spelling of the 16th century.But there is no tone marking,and the finals and initials are also unstable in the Portuguese Chinese Dictionary.The phonetic system in the Latin version of Qianzi Wen,compiled in 1581,optimized phonological annotation,and began to explore the distinction and annotation of tones.In 1585,the phonetic script Pin ciùven tàssìgnìwas written in oral form with more consideration of the actual situation of the pronunciation of Mandarin in southern China,so there are many variations and ellipses,and the entering-tone characters at the end of a,o,u,e vowels were specially marked.The rhyme of poetry,which was completed between 1584 and 1588,served his poetry writing.To obey the rhythm and tone of Chinese poetry,ˉ^ˋˊwere used to mark the level tone,the rising tone,the falling-rising tone,and the falling tone,and he finally formed a complete Chinese-Roman phonetic scheme.

关 键 词：罗明坚 罗马注音方案 汉语 

分 类 号：H114[语言文字—汉语] H125.11