“㒭(僉)”字音释——谈鱼通转例说之十  

Explanation of the Pronunciation of Qian(㒭)

作　　者：孟蓬生 Meng Pengsheng(Southwest University)

机构地区：[1]西南大学汉语言文献研究所、出土文献综合研究中心

出　　处：《励耘语言学刊》2023年第2期102-112,共11页

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“汉字谐声大系”(17ZDA297)的阶段性成果;复旦大学出土文献与古文字研究中心(“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”协同攻关创新平台)“楚简综合研究”(编号G3444)项目

摘　　要：“㒭”字见于出土文献(战国竹简)和传世文献(唐元结《次山集》),前者与“僉”声相通,后者与“昆”声相通,读音相差较远,是否可以认同,有待探讨。本文认为两者可以认同,具体结论如下:“兄”字前上古音在侵谈部,上古音读入阳部,属于谈(侵)鱼通转现象;从“兄”得声之“㒭”字上古音在侵谈部,故从“㒭”得声之“僉”字上古音亦在侵谈部;“㒭”又读“昆”,属于侵(谈)文通转现象。古音侵谈两部与东阳两部读音相近,故楚简中“㒭”字可以读为“共”,既可以表示“共享(动词)”义,又可以表示“共同(副词)”义,传世文献中用作范围副词的“僉”是由“共同(副词)”义进一步语法化(虚化)的结果。The character“㒭”was attested both in the unearthed documents(the bamboo slips in the Warring States period)and the handed down documents[the Anthology of Yuan Cishan(《次山集》)in the Tang Dynasty].The former case is pronounced like qian(僉)and the latter is pronounced like kun(昆).There is a significant difference between these two pronunciations.It still needs further research if they are cognate.This article holds that the two pronunciations are cognate,and specific conclusions are as follows:The character xiong(兄)belonged to Qin/Tan(侵/谈)rhyme group in the Pre-Old Chinese,but evolved into Yang(阳)rhyme group in the Old Chinese,which can be explained as a phonetic alternation between Qin/Tan(侵/谈)and Yu(鱼)rhyme groups;The character“㒭”shared the same pronunciation with the character“兄”,and remained in Qin/Tan rhyme group in the Old Chinese,so the character qian(僉),whose phonetic component is㒭,was also classified into Qin/Tan(侵/谈)rhyme group in the Old Chinese;The character“㒭”can also be read like kun(昆),which can be explained as an alternation between Qin(侵)and Wen(文)rhyme groups.Qin/Tan(侵/谈)rhyme group and Dong/Yang(东/阳)rhyme groups are close to each other in the Old Chinese.Therefore the character“㒭”can be read as gong(共)on the bamboo slips of the State of Chu,served both as a verb meaning“to share”and as an adverb meaning“together”;The usage of“僉”as a scope adverb in the handed down documents results from the grammaticalization of the semantics of togetherness.

关 键 词：楚简 谈鱼通转 兄 㒭 僉 

分 类 号：H111[语言文字—汉语]