“奋迅”一词的构词理据和释义问题——运用《文始》探求双音词词源一则  

On the Word Formation of“Fenxun”(奋迅)and the Issue of its Interpretation

作　　者：王诚[1] Wang Cheng(Zhejiang University)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学汉语史研究中心、古籍研究所

出　　处：《励耘语言学刊》2023年第2期12-25,共14页

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“字词关系视角下的汉语复合词形成与演变研究”(23BYY052)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：“奋迅”一词释义纷纭,而且后位语素有“卂”“迅”“讯”“奞”“舋”“釁”等多种书写形式。本文参考故训材料,并且依据《文始》,分析了“奋迅”的构词理据:“奋”“迅”同义并列,“迅”有奋厉、振动之义。同时,利用梵汉对勘和文献语境,对辞书中“奋迅”一词的释义作了商榷,并梳理其词义演变:“奋迅”本指鸟振羽展翅欲飞,又指兽类展舒四体奋起之状,引申指人精神振作或兴起、奋发。“奋迅”原本并不指鸟飞或兽跑迅疾,这个意义出现在唐宋以后,盖为误解误用义。此外还讨论了“奋信”和“奋迅”的关系。The word“fen xun”(奋迅)has various interpretations,and the morpheme“xun”(迅)has different writing forms.Based on exegesis materials,especially Zhang Taiyan’s Wenshi文始,this article analyzes the semantic meaning and word formation of“fen xun”,which is a compound word formed with morphemes of similar meaning.Meanwhile,through the comparison of Sanskrit and Chinese and the context of literature,this paper questions the interpretation of“fen xun”in dictionaries and investigates its semantic changes.It points out that the word originally refers to birds’flapping and waving wings or the beasts’becoming erect and expanded,and deviates the meaning of pulling oneself together.It is not related to the meaning of flying or running fast,which only appeared as a result of misunderstanding and misuse after the Tang and Song dynasties.In addition,the relation between“fen xin”(奋信)and“fen xun”is also discussed.

关 键 词：奋迅 构词理据 语境 释义 误解误用 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语]