基于有限元的紧凑型光谱仪散热结构设计及优化  

Design and Optimization of Heat Dissipation Structure for Compact Spectrometer Based on Finite Element Method

作　　者：蔡庸军 段昌生 隋峰 姚志文 喻洁 CAI Yongjun;DUAN Changsheng;SUI Feng;YAO Zhiwen;YU Jie(CSIC Alphapec Instrument(Hubei)Co.,Ltd.,Yichang 443000)

机构地区：[1]中船重工安谱(湖北)仪器有限公司,宜昌443000

出　　处：《舰船电子工程》2025年第1期197-203,共7页Ship Electronic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“基础科研条件与重大科学仪器设备研发”(编号:2022YF0706900)资助。

摘　　要：光谱仪的散热能力及其稳定性,对检测性能和使用寿命有着极其重要的影响。论文基于一款紧凑型光谱仪的整机开发,进行了散热结构设计,并利用ANSYS有限元热分析方法得出了整机的温度场及热流分布;然后根据温度分布及热流流向特点,提出了一种优化方案,并从散热性能、热变形及振动响应等方面对优化方案进行了模拟仿真;最后通过实验对分析结果进行了验证。分析和实验结果表明,优化后外壳最高温度从44.4℃减小到34.2℃,核心器件最高温度从39℃减小到30℃,综合散热性能提升20%以上,热变形小于0.05 mm,风冷动力元件激振频率小于结构固有频率,优化后的散热结构稳定可靠,散热效果显著提升,仪器运行平稳,优化方案满足热设计要求。该紧凑型光谱仪热设计方案不仅解决了实际的工程问题,也为后续同类产品的热设计与仿真提供了一定的参考。The heat dissipation capacity and stability of compact spectrometers have an extremely important impact on detec⁃tion performance and service life.Firstly,this article completes the design of heat dissipation structure based on the development of a compact spectrometer.The temperature field and heat flux distribution of the whole machine are obtained by ANSYS finite element thermal analysis method.Then,based on the characteristics of temperature distribution and heat flux,an optimization scheme is pro⁃posed.Next,the optimization scheme is simulated from the aspects of heat dissipation performance,thermal deformation,and vibra⁃tion response.Finally,the analysis results are validated through experiments.The analysis and experimental results show that,the maximum temperature of the shell decreased from 44.4℃to 34.2℃,and the maximum temperature of the core device decreases from 39℃to 30℃.The comprehensive heat dissipation performance is improved by more than 20%.The thermal deformation is less than 0.05 mm,and the excitation frequency of the air-cooled power component is less than the natural frequency of the structure.The optimized heat dissipation structure is stable and reliable,and the heat dissipation effect is significantly improved.The instru⁃ment runs smoothly,and the optimized solution meets the thermal design requirements.The thermal design scheme of this compact spectrometer not only solves practical engineering problems,but also provides a certain reference for the thermal design and simula⁃tion of similar products in the future.

关 键 词：光谱仪 散热设计 热仿真分析 ANSYS结构优化 

分 类 号：TP391.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术] TH691.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术] O0436[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]