超声辅助/复合多能场加工技术研究综述  

Research on Ultrasonic Assisted/Composite Multi-Energy Field Machining Technology

作　　者：朱永伟 陈美伶 韩昇 胡辰 赵建社 ZHU Yongwei;CHEN Meiling;HAN Sheng;HU Chen;ZHAO Jianshe(Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225127,China;JITRI Institute of Precision Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 211806,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学,扬州225127 [2]江苏集萃精密制造研究院有限公司,南京211806

出　　处：《航空制造技术》2025年第1期38-53,共16页Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52175438);江苏省研究生集萃资助计划(2022-2024)。

摘　　要：随着科技的飞速进步,难加工材料、异形面零部件得到广泛应用,传统切削技术难以(或不能)解决不断涌现的加工难题。超声、激光、放电及电解加工等特种加工方法可有效解决此类技术难题。单一加工技术各有优点,但均有其局限性,如切削加工高硬材料难度大,加工效率及精度差;超声加工只对硬脆性材料效果显著;放电成形及线切割加工总体效率较低且有表面变质层;常规参数电解加工精度不够高且存在环境保护问题。在实践中,将超声效应有效辅助/复合的多能场加工方法具有多技术复合优势。本文针对超声辅助切削、超声辅助激光、超声复合放电、超声复合电解及超声复合机械–电解–放电等多能场加工的机理、技术特点及应用现状进行系统分析与综述。超声辅助切削加工可显著减小切削力、切削热,改善排屑条件,减小(或避免)加工表面缺陷,有效提高加工精度与效率;超声辅助激光加工可有效解决产物排出及表面质量问题;超声复合放电加工可在保证加工精度的同时有效提高加工效率,同时超声的抛磨作用可改善放电加工表面质量;因超声效应可增强和改善电解极间作用效果,提高材料电解去除的非线性,超声复合电解加工在具有较好的加工速度及表面质量的同时,加工精度可得到明显提高;超声复合机械–电解–放电等多能场加工方法的参数相互作用可“存利去弊”,具有多技术复合优势。通过多能场各参数的优化协调,可对不同性能材料与加工要求的难加工零部件实现优化加工。本文对超声辅助/复合多能场加工特点、技术指标及实际应用进行了较系统的归纳与总结,分析其存在问题,探讨有效解决措施,对未来的相关研究工作进行分析与展望。With the rapid progress of science and technology,difficult-to-machine materials and parts with special-shaped surfaces have been widely used,and traditional cutting techniques are difficult(or unable)to solve the emerging processing problems.Special processing methods such as ultrasonic,laser,electrical discharge and electrochemical machining can effectively solve technical problems.Each single processing technology has its own advantages,but also has its limitations.For example,cutting high-hardness materials is difficult.Ultrasonic machining is only effective for hard and brittle materials.The overall efficiency of electrical discharge machining(EDM)and wire-cutting is relatively low,and there is a surface deterioration layer.The accuracy of conventional-parameter electrochemical machining is not high enough,and there are environmental protection issues.In practice,the multi-energy field processing method has the advantage of multi-technology compounding.This paper systematically analyzes and reviews the mechanism and application status of multi-energy field processing such as ultrasonicassisted cutting,ultrasonic-assisted laser,ultrasonic-compounded electrical discharge,ultrasonic-compounded electrochemical machining and ultrasonic-compounded mechanical-electrochemical-electrical discharge.Ultrasonic-assisted cutting can significantly reduce the cutting force and heat,improve chip evacuation conditions,minimize(or avoid)surface defects,and effectively enhance machining accuracy and efficiency.Ultrasonic-assisted laser processing can effectively solve the problems of product removal and surface quality.Ultrasonic-compounded electrical discharge machining not only ensures machining accuracy but also significantly enhances machining efficiency.In addition,the polishing effect of ultrasound can improve the surface quality of electrical discharge processing.The ultrasonic effect can enhance and improve the effect of the electrochemical inter-electrode action and increase the nonlinearity of the electrochemical mat

关 键 词：超声加工 复合电加工 机械–电解–放电 辅助切削 多能场加工 

分 类 号：TG66[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床] V261[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]