针对信息物理系统远程状态估计的隐蔽虚假数据注入攻击  

Stealthy False Data Injection Attacks on Remote State Estimation of Cyber-physical Systems

作　　者：金增旺 刘茵[1] 刁靖东 王震[1] 孙长银 刘志强[1] JIN Zeng-Wang;LIU Yin;DIAO Jing-Dong;WANG Zhen;SUN Chang-Yin;LIU Zhi-Qiang(School of Cybersecurity,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710072;Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University,Taicang 215400;Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University,Ningbo 315103;Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology,China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing 100094;School of Artificial Intelligence,Anhui University,Hefei 230031)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学网络空间安全学院,西安710072 [2]西北工业大学长三角研究院,太仓215400 [3]西北工业大学宁波研究院,宁波315103 [4]中国空间技术研究院钱学森空间技术实验室,北京100094 [5]安徽大学人工智能学院,合肥230031

出　　处：《自动化学报》2025年第2期356-365,共10页Acta Automatica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3104005);国家自然科学基金(U21B2008,U23B2039);太仓市基础研究计划(TC2022JC17);宁波市自然科学基金(2021J046)资助。

摘　　要：从攻击者的角度探讨信息物理系统(Cyber-physical system,CPS)中隐蔽虚假数据注入(False data injection,FDI)攻击的最优策略.选取Kullback-Leibler(K-L)散度作为攻击隐蔽性的评价指标,设计攻击信号使得攻击保持隐蔽且最大程度地降低CPS远程状态估计的性能.首先,利用残差的统计特征计算远程状态估计误差协方差,将FDI最优策略问题转化为二次约束优化问题.其次,在攻击隐蔽性的约束下,运用拉格朗日乘子法及半正定规划推导出最优策略.最后,通过仿真实验验证所提方法与现有方法相比在隐蔽性方面具有显著优势.The optimal strategy for stealthy false data injection(FDI)attacks in cyber-physical system(CPS)is explored from the attacker's perspective.The Kullback-Leibler(K-L)divergence is selected as the evaluation index of attack stealthiness,and the attack signal is designed to keep the attack stealthy and minimize the performance of CPS remote state estimation.First,the statistical characteristics of the residuals are used to calculate the error covariance of remote state estimation,which transforms the FDI optimal strategy problem into a quadratically constrained optimization problem.Second,under the constraint of attack stealthiness,the optimal policy is derived using Lagrange multiplier method and semi-positive definite programming.Finally,simulation experiments are conducted to verify that the method proposed in this paper has significant advantages in terms of stealthiness compared with existing methods.

关 键 词：信息物理系统 虚假数据注入攻击 Kullback-Leibler散度 远程状态估计 

分 类 号：TP393.08[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]