论数据资源的共享主义法律关系——基于霍菲尔德法律元概念分析方法  

On the Legal Relationship of Data Resource Sharing--Based on Hohfeld’s Analytical Method of Legal Primitives

作　　者：陈熠凡 CHEN Yifan(School of Law,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学法学研究所,福建福州350117

出　　处：《福建商学院学报》2024年第6期70-79,共10页Journal of Fujian Business University

基　　金：研究阐释党的十九届五中全会精神国家社会科学基金重大项目“在法治轨道上促进平台经济、共享经济健康发展研究”(21ZDA025);福建省习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心一般项目“新中国成立75周年对生产要素制度的探索历程、实践经验和现实启示研究”(FJ2024XZB049);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目“数字经济视域下数据要素流通的合规问题研究”(202410394003)。

摘　　要：数据资源共享是促进数字经济发展的关键,但我国法律并未对数据资源的法律关系作出明确规定,可以使用霍菲尔德法律元概念分析方法来推理其共享主义的法律关系构造。数据资源共享背景下,以勿扰权益(claim)为核心的传统排他性权益构造模式存在无法修正的弊端,从功利主义视角下以自由权益(privilege)为核心的法律关系才是应然进路。对于抛弃勿扰权益(claim)而选择自由权益(privilege)引发的正义性困境,应当通过权益(right)冲突理论作出正义性论证。然而数据之上的竞争法益、人格法益、公共法益、物理秘密状态下的权利确实客观上存在,应在这些情形下设定对应的勿扰权益(claim)及对应的义务负担(duty)来作为制度的补充。综上,从现代法律语言上来说,数据资源的共享法律关系应当以“不赋权”为基础,辅以“新型行为规制”为例外。Data resource sharing is pivotal to fostering the development of the digital economy.However,China’s legal framework has yet to explicitly define the legal relationships pertaining to data resources.The analytical approach of Hohfeld’s legal primitives can be employed to deduce the construction of legal relationships in the context of sharing.Under the backdrop of data resource sharing,the traditional exclusive rights model centered on“claim”harbors irreparable flaws.From a utilitarian perspective,a legal relationship centered on“privilege”represents the appropriate pathway.Meanwhile,the justice dilemma arising from abandoning“claim”and embracing“privilege”should be justified through the theory of rights conflicts.Nevertheless,the existence of competitive legal interests,personal legal interests,public legal interests,and rights in the state of physical secrecy over data is objectively undeniable.Therefore,corresponding“claims”and“duties”should be established in these scenarios as supplementary measures within the system.In summary,from the perspective of modern legal language,the legal relationship in data resource sharing should be grounded on“non-right-confering”and supplemented by“novel conduct regulation”.

关 键 词：数据资源 共享 自由权益 勿扰权益 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]