贵州柑橘主产区土壤养分状况和综合肥力比较  

Comparison of nutrition status and comprehensive fertility of the soil in citrus orchards in Guizhou

作　　者：李文云[1] 杨雯 林乾 张兴无[1] 韩秀梅[1] 王小柯 罗怿[1] 李金强[1] LI Wenyun;YANG Wen;LIN Qian;ZHANG Xingwu;HAN Xiumei;WANG Xiaoke;LUO Yi;LI Jinqiang(Guizhou Institute of Pomological Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou,550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省果树科学研究所,贵阳550006

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2025年第1期31-38,45,共9页South China Fruits

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目[黔科合支撑(2021)005号];贵州省科技计划项目[黔科合支撑(2023)一般044];国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1100302)后补助项目;国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-26)资助。

摘　　要：为了解贵州柑橘主产区土壤养分和综合肥力状况,采集黔东南、铜仁、遵义、黔南、毕节和黔西南6个市(州)18个柑橘主产县共77个柑橘园的土壤样品,分析pH值、有机质、大量元素、中量元素、微量元素和综合肥力。结果表明,大部分土壤样品呈酸性,pH值低于适宜值(5.5~6.5)下限的土壤样品高达54.54%;有机质含量较高,处于适宜值及以上的样品高达87.02%;碱解氮含量不足(缺乏和低量)的样品高达62.34%;有效磷和有效钾含量丰富(适宜、高量和过量)的比例分别为70.13%和98.70%;有效钙和有效镁含量普遍丰富,不同地区含量丰富的样品比例范围为50.00%~100.00%;有效硫和有效硼含量不足的样品分别为92.21%和77.92%;有效铁、有效锰和有效铜普遍过量。整体上,贵州橘园土壤肥力的限制因子主要是土壤酸化,碱解氮、有效硫和有效硼含量不足。黔西南土壤综合肥力得分最高,其次是黔南和黔东南。生产上各地区应根据土壤实际情况,适当调整土壤pH值至微酸性(5.5~6.5),适当增施氮肥和硼肥,控制磷肥、钾肥和铜制剂的用量。To understand the nutrition and comprehensive fertility status of citrus soil in Guizhou Province,soil samples were collected from 77 citrus orchards in 18 main citrus producing counties in Qiandongnan Prefecture,Tongren,Zunyi,Bijie City and Qiannan,Qianxinan Prefecture.Soil pH value,organic matter,macro elements,meso elements,trace elements,and comprehensive fertility were analyzed.The results showed that most of the soil samples were acidic.The soil samples with the pH value below the suitable value of 5.5-6.5 were as high as 54.54%.The overall organic matter content was high,with the samples at or above the appropriate value reached 87.02%.The samples with insufficient alkaline nitrogen content reached up to 62.34%.The proportion of soil samples with available phosphorus and available potassium content reaching rich levels was 70.13%and 98.70%,respectively.The contents of effective calcium and effective magnesium were abundant,with the proportions ranged from 50.00%to 100.00%in different regions.The proportion of soil samples with insufficient effective sulfur and effective boron content was 92.21%and 77.92%,respectively.Effective iron,effective manganese,and effective copper were generally at excessive levels.The limiting factors of soil fertility in citrus orchards in Guizhou were mainly soil acidification,insufficient alkaline nitrogen,available sulfur,and available boron.The score of comprehensive soil fertility in southwestern Guizhou was the highest,followed by southern and southeastern Guizhou.According to the actual soil conditions in each region,the soil pH value should be appropriately increased to 5.5-6.5,and the nitrogen,boron fertilizers should be appropriately applied,and the amount of phosphorus,potassium,and copper fertilizers should be controlled in production.

关 键 词：贵州 柑橘 有机质 PH值 土壤养分 综合肥力 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S666[农业科学—农业基础科学]