沙糖橘果实发育及矿质元素需求规律  

Development and mineral elements requirement regulations of Shatangju fruits

作　　者：汪妮娜 廖惠红[1] 刘福平[1] 黄宏明[1] 韦持章 黄燕晓 黄其椿[1] WANG Nina;LIAO Huihong;LIU Fuping;HUANG Hongming;WEI Chizhang;HUANG Yanxiao;HUANG Qichun(Horticultural Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanning Investigation Station of South Subtropical Fruit Science,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanning,Guangxi,530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所/农业农村部南宁南亚热带果树科学观测实验站,南宁530007

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2025年第1期39-45,共7页South China Fruits

基　　金：广西重点研发计划(桂科AB22035029);广西科技重大专项(桂科AA22036002);广西武鸣柑橘试验站(TS202201);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT051)资助。

摘　　要：研究沙糖橘果实生长对矿质元素的需求规律,为沙糖橘精准施肥提供科学依据。在广西南宁市武鸣区选择盛产期的无籽沙糖橘(8年生)作为试验对象,间隔30 d采样一次,研究花后45~255 d果实鲜质量、干质量、横径和纵径变化,N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B元素含量和积累量变化,并将花后0~45 d谢花着果期、花后45~105 d幼果期、花后105~195 d果实膨大期和花后195~255 d转色成熟期分别表示为阶段Ⅰ、阶段Ⅱ、阶段Ⅲ和阶段Ⅳ进行比较。结果表明,随着沙糖橘果实发育,其鲜质量和干质量逐渐增加,鲜质量增长速率为阶段Ⅲ>阶段Ⅳ>阶段Ⅱ,干质量增长速率为阶段Ⅳ>阶段Ⅲ>阶段Ⅱ,果实含水量先增长后趋于稳定。果实横径增长速率为阶段Ⅱ>阶段Ⅲ>阶段Ⅳ,且果实横径增长速率高于纵径。除Ca含量(以干质量计)呈先增后减变化外,其他元素含量均呈现为前中期高后期低。花后255 d时大中量元素积累量为K≈N>Ca>P>Mg>S,微量元素积累量为Fe>B>Zn>Cu≈Mn。N、P、K、S、Fe和B元素积累主要在阶段Ⅲ和Ⅳ,Ca、Mg、Mn和Cu元素积累主要在阶段Ⅱ和Ⅲ,Zn元素积累量主要在阶段Ⅱ和Ⅳ。N和P元素的积累速率均为阶段Ⅳ>阶段Ⅲ>阶段Ⅱ,K元素的积累速率在阶段Ⅲ最高,Ca、Cu元素在阶段Ⅱ的积累速率最高,Zn元素的积累速率在阶段Ⅱ和Ⅳ较高,Mg、S、Fe、Mn和B元素的积累速率在各阶段的差异均不显著。沙糖橘果径发育关键期是阶段Ⅱ和Ⅲ;果实鲜质量和干质量增长关键期是阶段Ⅲ和Ⅳ,此时对水分的需求较多。阶段Ⅱ果实对中微量元素的需求较多;阶段Ⅲ果实对元素的需求量最大,不仅需要各种大量元素,还需要中微量元素;阶段Ⅳ果实需要各种大量元素和微量元素,但需适当控施N肥,以减少浮皮和避免转色慢。This is to study the demand pattern of mineral elements for the growth of Shatangju fruits,and provide scientific basis for precise fertilization of Shatangju.In Wuming District of Nanning City,seedless Shatangju plants(8-year-old)in peak production period were selected as experimental subjects.Samples were harvested every 30 days to study the changes in fresh weight,dry weight,transverse and longitudinal diameters,as well as the content and accumulation of N,P,K,Ca,Mg,S,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,and B elements in the fruits between 45-255 days after flowering.The flower wilting and fruit setting period at 0 to 45 days after flowering,the young fruit period at 45 to 105 days after flowering,the fruit expansion period at 105 to 195 days after flowering,and the color break and maturation period at 195 to 255 days after flowering were respectively represented as stage I,stage II,stage III,and stage IV for comparison.The results showed that with the development of fruit,its fresh and dry weights gradually increased.The growth rate of fresh weight was in the order of stage III>stage IV>stage II,and the order of growth rate of dry weight was stage IV>stage III>stage II.The fruit moisture content increased at first and then stabilized.The order of growth rate of fruit transverse diameter was as follow,stage II>stage III>stage IV,and the growth rate of fruit transverse diameter was higher than that of longitudinal diameter.Except for the Ca content(measured based on dry mass)which showed an initial increase followed by a decrease,the contents of other elements remained high in early to middle stages and low in later stages.At 255 days after flowering,the accumulation of macro and meso elements was in the order of K≈N>Ca>P>Mg>S,and the accumulation of trace elements was Fe>B>Zn>Cu≈Mn.The accumulation of N,P,K,S,Fe and B elements mainly occurred in stage III and stage IV,while the accumulation of Ca,Mg,Mn and Cu elements mainly occurred in stage II and stage III.The accumulation of Zn element mainly occurred in stage II and stage IV

关 键 词：沙糖橘 果实 矿质营养 元素需求 施肥 南宁地区 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]