火龙果组织培养外植体消毒技术优化及植物生长调节剂配比优选  

Optimization of disinfection technology and hormones ratio for tissue culture of pitaya explants

作　　者：陈华蕊[1] 何书强 陈业渊 杨子琴[1] CHEN Huarui;HE Shuqiang;CHEN Yeyuan;YANG Ziqin(Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan,571101,China;Sanya Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Sanya,Hainan,572025,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海口571101 [2]中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚572025

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2025年第1期92-96,共5页South China Fruits

基　　金：海南省基础与应用基础研究计划(自然科学领域)高层次人才项目“火龙果胚性愈伤组织的诱导及再生体系的建立”(2019RC311)资助。

摘　　要：为筛选火龙果组织培养适宜的外植体类型、消毒方法及不定芽诱导方法,为火龙果快速繁殖提供技术支持。设置近成熟茎段、幼嫩茎段、种子3种外植体类型,2%次氯酸钠和0.1%升汞单独或组合灭菌处理,MS培养基中添加不同植物生长调节剂配比,测定比较不同处理的消毒效果、发芽率、不定芽诱导率等。结果表明,3种外植体中种子最容易消毒。0.1%升汞对3种外植体的消毒效果明显优于2%次氯酸钠。最适宜的消毒方法分别为:种子0.1%升汞浸泡3 min,近成熟茎75%酒精浸泡30 s+无菌水冲洗5次+0.1%升汞浸泡5 min+无菌水冲洗5次+0.1%升汞浸泡7 min+无菌水冲洗5次,幼嫩茎段75%酒精浸泡30 s+无菌水冲洗5次+0.1%升汞浸泡5 min+无菌水冲洗5次+0.1%升汞浸泡3 min+无菌水冲洗5次,其存活率分别为94.44%,83.3%,75.0%。近成熟茎段不定芽诱导效果最好的培养基为MS+5.0 mg/L 6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)+0.1 mg/L萘乙酸(NAA),诱导率77.78%;幼嫩茎段不定芽诱导效果最好培养基为MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA,诱导率83.33%;最适合种子幼茎增殖的培养基为MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L吲哚乙酸(IAA)。In order to screen the suitable explant type,disinfection method and suitable adventitious bud induction method for tissue culture of pitaya,and provide technical support for the rapid propagation of pitaya,treatments of three explant types including near-mature stem segment,young stem segment and seed by disinfection with 2%sodium hypochlorite and 0.1%mercuric chloride alone or in combination were set up.Different ratios of plant growth regulators were supplemented to MS medium,and the disinfection effect,germination rate and adventitious bud induction rate of different treatments were compared.The results showed that among the three explants types,the most easily disinfected explant was the seed.The disinfection effect of mercuric chloride on the three explants was significantly better than that of sodium hypochlorite.The most suitable disinfection methods were as follow:seeds treated with 0.1%mercuric chloride for 3 min;near-mature stems treated with 75%alcohol for 30 seconds+sterile water rinse for 5 times+0.1%mercuric chloride for 5 min+sterile water rinse for 5 times+0.1%mercuric chloride for 7 min+sterile water rinse for 5 times,young stems treated with 75%alcohol for 30 seconds+sterile water rinse for 5 times+0.1%mercuric chloride for 5 min+sterile water rinse for 5 times+0.1%mercuric chloride for 3 min+sterile water rinse for 5 times,and the survival rate was 94.44%,83.3%and 75%,respectively.MS+5.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA was the best medium for inducing adventitious buds from near-mature stems,with the induction rate of 77.78%.The best adventitious bud induction medium for young stem segments was MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA,with the induction rate of 83.33%.The most suitable medium for seed young stems proliferation was MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L IAA.

关 键 词：火龙果 外植体 茎段 种子 消毒 不定芽诱导 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]