生草对贵州高海拔区苹果园土壤理化性质、光合特性及果实品质的影响  

Impact of sod culture on soil physicochemical properties,photosynthetic characteristics,and fruit quality of apple orchards in high altitude areas in Guizhou

作　　者：冯建文[1] 韩秀梅[1] 蒙小玉 杨华 李顺雨 吴亚维[1] FENG Jianwen;HAN Xiumei;MENG Xiaoyu;YANG Hua;LI Shunyu;WU Yawei(Guizhou Institute of Pomology,Guiyang,Guizhou,550006,China;Management Committee of Modern and Efficient Agricultural Industry Demonstration Park in Weining County,Bijie,Guizhou,553100,China;Weining County Special Economic Fruit Forest Development Center,Bije,Guizhou,553100,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省果树科学研究所,贵阳550006 [2]威宁县现代高效农业产业示范园区管理委员会,贵州毕节553100 [3]威宁县特色经果林产业发展中心,贵州毕节553100

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2025年第1期122-126,共5页South China Fruits

基　　金：威宁苹果园生草技术试验示范(黔农科院支撑[2021]号);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y025号);贵州山地特色果树种质资源库创新能力建设(黔科合服企[2021]8号)资助。

摘　　要：对比分析不同生草覆盖对土壤理化性质、光合生理特性和果实品质的影响,以期为贵州高海拔区苹果园生草高效栽培和绿色生产提供参考。通过在5年生苹果行间分别种植鼠茅草(T1)、鸭茅(T2)、黑麦草(T3)、白三叶(T4)、光叶紫花苕(T5)、鼠茅草+鸭茅+白三叶(T6)、黑麦草+白三叶+鸭茅(T7)、鼠茅草+黑麦草+白三叶(T8),清耕作为对照(CK),测定不同生草处理对苹果叶片光合特性、果实品质特征及土壤理化指标的影响。结果表明,(1)各生草处理均显著提高了苹果叶片水分利用效率,苹果叶片光合速率、气孔导度和胞间CO 2浓度分别在部分生草处理中得到显著提高,仅T2显著降低了苹果叶片蒸腾速率。其中,T4处理苹果叶片光合速率和水分利用效率最高,较清耕分别提高76.13%和87.50%。(2)T6和T8处理显著降低了果实着色b*值;T4处理果实可滴定酸显著最低而固酸比最大,内在品质最优。(3)多数生草处理显著降低了土壤容重,其中,T7处理具有最低的土壤容重;仅T7处理显著提升了土壤孔隙度。(4)所有生草处理显著提高了土壤pH值和有机质含量,同时显著降低土壤速效氮、有效磷和速效钾含量。其中,T3处理的土壤有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌和交换性镁含量均最高。贵州高海拔区苹果园进行生草栽培,可以优先选择黑麦草和白三叶单播或混播。To analyze the impact of different sod culture on soil physicochemical properties,photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality,and provide a reference for the efficient cultivation and green production of apple in the high-altitude areas of Guizhou.Different grasses were planted between the rows of 5-year-old apple trees,including Vulpia myuros(T1),Dactylis glomerata(T2),Lolium perenne(T3),Trifolium repens(T4),Vicia villosa(T5),V.myuros+D.glomerate+T.repens(T6),a mixture of L.perenne,T.repens,and D.glomerata(T7),and a mixture of V.myuros,L.perenne,and T.repens(T8),with clear cultivation as the control(CK),to determine the effects of different treatments on photosynthetic characteristics,fruit quality,and soil physicochemical indexes.The results showed that(1)All sod culture treatments significantly increased the water use efficiency of apple leaves.The photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO 2 concentration of apple leaves in some of the sod cultures were significantly increased,while only T2 significantly decreased the transpiration rate of apple leaves.The photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of apple leaves in T4 treatment were the highest,increased by 76.13%and 87.50%,respectively,compared to clear cultivation.(2)The T6 and T8 treatments significantly reduced the b*value of fruit.T4 treatment had the lowest titratable acid and the highest solid-acid ratio,indicating the best intrinsic quality.(3)Most sod culture treatments significantly reduced soil bulk density,and T7 treatment had the lowest soil bulk density and the highest soil porosity.(4)All sod culture treatments significantly increased soil pH value and organic matter content,and significantly reduced soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content.The T3 treatment had the highest soil available iron,available manganese,available copper,available zinc,and exchangeable magnesium content.In conclusion,L.perenne and T.repens mono or mixed sowing can be prioritized for sod culture in apple orc

关 键 词：苹果 生草 土壤养分 光合特性 果实品质 贵州高海拔区 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学] S153[农业科学—园艺学]