8个苹果砧木无融合生殖特性评价  

Evaluation of apomixis characteristics of 8 apple rootstocks

作　　者：蒙小玉 黄欣艳 张绿萍[1] 吴亚维[1] MENG Xiaoyu;HUANG Xinyan;ZHANG Lvping;WU Yawei(Guizhou Institute of Pomological Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou,550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省果树科学研究所,贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2025年第1期132-137,共6页South China Fruits

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y025)资助。

摘　　要：以“平邑甜茶”“湖北海棠”“青砧1号”“青砧2号”“丽江山荆子”“毛山荆子109”“毛山荆子1012”以及“西府海棠”作为试验材料,通过去雄套袋、切除柱头、套袋自交和自然授粉4种处理,测定无融合生殖着果率、结籽率、种子千粒质量以及果实性状,评价不同苹果砧木的无融合生殖能力。结果表明:“西府海棠”在去雄套袋和切除柱头2种无融合处理后均不能正常着果、结籽,其余7个砧木品种着果率在4.05%~93.28%之间,结籽率在12.37%~64.92%之间。综合分析表明,“西府海棠”不具备无融合生殖能力,其余7个砧木资源均属于兼性无融合生殖。其中“平邑甜茶”的无融合生殖着果率为65.15%~86.81%,无融合生殖处理后的结籽率为64.92%~62.90%,无融合生殖能力最强。Malus hupehensis var.Mengshanensis,M.hupehensis Rehd.,Qingzhen No.1,Qingzhen No.2,M.rockii Rehder,Mandshurica 109,Mandshurica 1012 and M.micromalus Makino were used as experimental materials,and four treatments including emasculation and bagging,removal of stigma,bagged self-pollination and natural pollination were carried out.The fruit setting rate,seed setting rate,1,000-grain weight and fruit traits of apomixis were determined to evaluate the apomixis ability of different apple rootstocks.The results showed that M.micromalus could not set fruit and seed normally after two apomixis treatments of emasculation and bagging,removal of stigma,while the fruit setting rate of other seven rootstock resources was between 4.05%and 93.28%,and the seed setting rate was between 12.37%and 64.92%.Comprehensive analysis showed that M.micromalus did not have the ability of apomixis,and the remaining seven rootstock resources belonged to facultative apomixis rootstocks,among them,the fruit setting rate of M.hupehensis was from 65.15%to 86.81%,and the seed setting rate after apomixis treatment was from 64.92%to 62.90%,with the strongest ability of apomixis.

关 键 词：苹果砧木 无融合生殖 无融合生殖率 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]