几种植物生长调节剂对“昆香无核”胚挽救效果的影响  

Effects of several plant growth regulators on the embryo rescue of Kunxiang Wuhe grape

作　　者：李玉玲 王勇 苏来曼·艾则孜 孙锋 伍国红 LI Yuling;WANG Yong;SULAIMAN Aizezi;SUN Feng;WU Guohong(Research Institute of Grape and Melon of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Shanshan,Xinjiang,838200,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所,新疆鄯善838200

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2025年第1期155-159,共5页South China Fruits

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022D01A119);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-29-yc-7);自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02045-1)资助。

摘　　要：采用不同生长素类和细胞分裂素类植物生长调节剂对“昆香无核”葡萄花前2周进行不同浓度处理,对果实的单果胚珠数、胚珠质量从第35 d开始每隔5 d统计一次,同时以ER固液双相培养基作为胚发育培养基,WPM固体培养基作为胚萌发培养基进行胚挽救,研究花前植物生长调节剂施用对“昆香无核”胚挽救效果的影响。结果表明,细胞分裂素(BA)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)、激动素(KT)、矮壮素(CCC)不同浓度处理都能使“昆香无核”胚珠数增多;用10 mg/L BA花前处理,种子大小指数为72.9%,为最大,而5 mg/L CPPU花前处理,种子大小指数为48.8%,为最小;5 mg/L BA处理单果的平均种子数2.9粒,为最多,而吲哚乙酸(IAA)处理单果的平均种子数1.0粒,为最少。花前BA 5 mg/L和10 mg/L处理,IBA 10 mg/L和20 mg/L处理花穗,取果实进行胚珠培养后均可以提高“昆香无核”的剥胚率和成苗率,以IBA 20 mg/L成苗率最高,为13.6%;花前喷施BA和IBA可以延缓胚珠败育5 d以上。结果表明,生长素类和细胞分裂素类植物生长调节剂可以提高无核葡萄胚挽救效率,延缓胚珠败育,从而提高无核葡萄育种效率。Different concentrations of auxin and cytokinin growth regulators were used to treat the Kunxiang Wuhe grape two weeks before flowering.The number of ovules per fruit and the weight of ovules were measured every 5 days from the 35th day.At the same time,ER solid-liquid two-phase medium was used as embryo development medium,with WPM solid medium as embryo germination medium for embryo rescue.The effect of pre-anthesis plant growth regulator application on the rescue of Kunxiang Wuhe embryo was studied.The results showed that different concentrations of BA,IBA,KT and CCC could increase the number of ovules.The seed size index of 10 mg/L BA pre-anthesis treatment was 72.9%,which was the largest,while that of 5 mg/L CPPU pre-anthesis treatment was 48.8%,which was the smallest.The average seed number of single fruit treated with 5 mg/L BA was 2.9,which was the largest,and that of treated with IAA was 1.0,which was the smallest.The ovules produced by 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L BA treatments before flowering,10 mg/L and 20 mg/L IBA inflorescence treatments could improve the embryo stripping rate and seedling rate of Kunxiang Wuhe,with the highest seedling rate of 13.6%in 20 mg/L IBA treatment.Spraying BA and IBA before anthesis could delay ovule abortion for more than 5 days.The results showed that auxin and cytokinin growth regulators could improve the rescure efficiency of embryo of seedless grape,delay ovule abortion and improve the breeding efficiency of seedless grape.

关 键 词：昆香无核 成苗率 花前 植物生长调节剂 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]